Table 2

Assessing the fragmentation in hybrids' PM systems: the evaluation framework

Evaluation aspectCoding categories usedCoding exampleEvaluation criteria for fragmentation
Performance goalsCoding category 1: a goal or measure for basic healthcare unit
Coding category 2: a goal or measure for adult oral healthcare
Coding category 3: a goal or measure for library
Coding category 4: a goal or measure for maternity and children's health clinic
Coding category 5: a goal or measure for domiciliary care
Coding category 6: a goal or measure for youth center
Coding category 7: a goal or measure for walk-in clinic
Coding category 8: a goal or measure for community café
The goal called satisfaction to collaboration was a boundary object between all units, and it was coded with eight labels as each unit shared this goal
  1. The percentage of totally isolated service units that have no shared performance goals (i.e. boundary objects) with other service units

  2. The percentage of performance goals that are boundary objects between all units

  3. The percentage of nonexistent dyadic relationships from the total amount of dyadic relationships (there are 28 possible dyadic relationships between eight service units)

  4. The average number of goals that connect any two service units together

  5. C-coefficient value of zero in the context of performance goals shows the nonexistent relationship between two service units in the hybrid

Performance measurementThe measure called satisfaction to collaboration was a boundary object between all units, and it was coded with eight labels as each unit shared this measure
  1. The percentage of totally isolated service units that have no shared performance measures (i.e. boundary objects) with other service units

  2. The percentage of performance measures that are boundary objects between all units

  3. The percentage of nonexistent dyadic relationships from the total amount of dyadic relationships (there are 28 possible dyadic relationships between eight service units)

  4. The average number of performance measures that connect any two service units together

  5. C-coefficient value of zero in the context of performance measures shows the nonexistent relationship between two service units in the hybrid

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