Table 3 Variables description,... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Variables description, references and sources

Variables	Description	References	Source
Size	Natural logarithm of the total number of hospital beds	Andrades-Peña et al. (2021), Arena et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
Gender Diversity	Three binary variables	Toth (2014), Naciti et al. (2022)	Websites
	(1) when the General Manager (GM) is female and (0) if it is male
	(1) when the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is a woman and (0) if it is male
	(1) when the Chief Health Officer (CHO) is a woman and (0) if it is male
Financial performance and indebtedness	Financial performance measures the profitability of Italian public HCOs (Ratio of total net income on total assets – ROA)	Uyar et al. (2021), Matos et al. (2021)	Financial Statements
Financial performance and indebtedness	Indebtedness measures the level of Italian public HCOs' debt (Ratio of total debt on total assets)	Uyar et al. (2021), Matos et al. (2021)	Financial Statements
Research	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is an NHSR or NHSRF and (0) otherwise	Arena et al. (2021), Pizzi et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
University	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is a UH or UHI and (0) otherwise	Arena et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
Localisation	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is located in the South of Italy and (0) if not	Pizzi et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data

Variables	Description	References	Source
Size	Natural logarithm of the total number of hospital beds	Andrades-Peña et al. (2021), Arena et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
Gender Diversity	Three binary variables	Toth (2014), Naciti et al. (2022)	Websites
	(1) when the General Manager (GM) is female and (0) if it is male
	(1) when the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is a woman and (0) if it is male
	(1) when the Chief Health Officer (CHO) is a woman and (0) if it is male
Financial performance and indebtedness	Financial performance measures the profitability of Italian public HCOs (Ratio of total net income on total assets – ROA)	Uyar et al. (2021), Matos et al. (2021)	Financial Statements
Financial performance and indebtedness	Indebtedness measures the level of Italian public HCOs' debt (Ratio of total debt on total assets)	Uyar et al. (2021), Matos et al. (2021)	Financial Statements
Research	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is an NHSR or NHSRF and (0) otherwise	Arena et al. (2021), Pizzi et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
University	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is a UH or UHI and (0) otherwise	Arena et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data
Localisation	Dichotomous variable equal to (1) if the HCO is located in the South of Italy and (0) if not	Pizzi et al. (2021)	INHS Open Data