Measurement model (scale dimensionality, reliability and validity)
| Constructs | Item statements | Loading (t-Stat) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Focussed attention (Cronbach's α = 0.896; CR = 0.924; AVE = 0.709) | FA1: I am so involved when I shop online that I lose the track of time | 0.849** | (80.13) |
| FA2: The time I spend buying online just slips away | 0.730** | (36.18) | |
| FA3: I lost myself in shopping online | 0.888** | (103.39) | |
| FA4: I block out things around me when I shop online | 0.849** | (66.09) | |
| FA5: When I buy online, I am very absorbed | 0.885** | (104.88) | |
| Shopping enjoyment (Cronbach's α = 0.904; CR = 0.929; AVE = 0.723) | ENJ1: Shopping online makes me happy | 0.794** | (34.84) |
| ENJ2: I enjoy shopping online | 0.840** | (53.22) | |
| ENJ3: I find it enjoyable to use online stores for buying products | 0.879** | (75.15) | |
| ENJ4: I found online shopping exciting | 0.874** | (98.76) | |
| ENJ5: Shopping online is funny | 0.863** | (79.64) | |
| Socialness (Cronbach's α = 0.836; CR = 0.891; AVE = 0.672) | SOC3: When I am chatting with friends on social networks I use to switch to online shopping | 0.740** | (31.54) |
| SOC4: I like to share my online shopping with my friends online | 0.826** | (61.91) | |
| SOC5: Online shopping allows me to socialise my purchases | 0.851** | (69.27) | |
| SOC6: I like shopping online as it allows me to ask suggestions to my friends | 0.856** | (76.57) | |
| Shopping gamification (Cronbach's α = 0.919; CR = 0.937; AVE = 0.713) | GAM1: When I shop online I feel like playing a game | 0.839** | (69.07) |
| GAM2: I complete several tasks when I shop online | 0.812** | (51.25) | |
| GAM3: Online shopping makes me feel like a winner | 0.871** | (90.22) | |
| GAM4: I like shopping online as it allows me to collect credits like in a game | 0.862** | (74.38) | |
| GAM5: Shopping online is a gamified experience | 0.891** | (105.02) | |
| GAM6: Shopping online is a challenging experience | 0.787** | (42.93) | |
| Shopping engagement (Cronbach's α = 0.779; CR = 0.872; AVE = 0.694) | ENG1: My shopping online experience is always rewarding | 0.771** | (39.10) |
| ENG2: Shopping online is an engaging task | 0.886** | (109.80) | |
| ENG3: I am very committed with online shopping | 0.839** | (61.07) | |
| Intention to buy using a mobile app (Cronbach's α = 0.833; CR = 0.888; AVE = 0.666) | INTM1: I intend to continue to buy online using a mobile app | 0.804** | (44.35) |
| INTM2: I intend to increase the frequency of online shopping using a mobile app | 0.793** | (42.52) | |
| INTM3: I am willing to recommend others to shop products online using a mobile app | 0.823** | (56.59) | |
| INTM4: It is likely that I will shopping online in the next month using a mobile app | 0.842** | (59.32) | |
| Previous online shopping experience | EXP: I have experience about where and how to make purchases online | 1 | – |
| Age (control) | AGE | 1 | – |
| Sex (control) | SEX | 1 | – |
| Constructs | Item statements | Loading (t-Stat) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Focussed attention (Cronbach's | FA1: I am so involved when I shop online that I lose the track of time | 0.849** | (80.13) |
| FA2: The time I spend buying online just slips away | 0.730** | (36.18) | |
| FA3: I lost myself in shopping online | 0.888** | (103.39) | |
| FA4: I block out things around me when I shop online | 0.849** | (66.09) | |
| FA5: When I buy online, I am very absorbed | 0.885** | (104.88) | |
| Shopping enjoyment (Cronbach's | ENJ1: Shopping online makes me happy | 0.794** | (34.84) |
| ENJ2: I enjoy shopping online | 0.840** | (53.22) | |
| ENJ3: I find it enjoyable to use online stores for buying products | 0.879** | (75.15) | |
| ENJ4: I found online shopping exciting | 0.874** | (98.76) | |
| ENJ5: Shopping online is funny | 0.863** | (79.64) | |
| Socialness (Cronbach's | SOC3: When I am chatting with friends on social networks I use to switch to online shopping | 0.740** | (31.54) |
| SOC4: I like to share my online shopping with my friends online | 0.826** | (61.91) | |
| SOC5: Online shopping allows me to socialise my purchases | 0.851** | (69.27) | |
| SOC6: I like shopping online as it allows me to ask suggestions to my friends | 0.856** | (76.57) | |
| Shopping gamification (Cronbach's | GAM1: When I shop online I feel like playing a game | 0.839** | (69.07) |
| GAM2: I complete several tasks when I shop online | 0.812** | (51.25) | |
| GAM3: Online shopping makes me feel like a winner | 0.871** | (90.22) | |
| GAM4: I like shopping online as it allows me to collect credits like in a game | 0.862** | (74.38) | |
| GAM5: Shopping online is a gamified experience | 0.891** | (105.02) | |
| GAM6: Shopping online is a challenging experience | 0.787** | (42.93) | |
| Shopping engagement (Cronbach's | ENG1: My shopping online experience is always rewarding | 0.771** | (39.10) |
| ENG2: Shopping online is an engaging task | 0.886** | (109.80) | |
| ENG3: I am very committed with online shopping | 0.839** | (61.07) | |
| Intention to buy using a mobile app (Cronbach's | INTM1: I intend to continue to buy online using a mobile app | 0.804** | (44.35) |
| INTM2: I intend to increase the frequency of online shopping using a mobile app | 0.793** | (42.52) | |
| INTM3: I am willing to recommend others to shop products online using a mobile app | 0.823** | (56.59) | |
| INTM4: It is likely that I will shopping online in the next month using a mobile app | 0.842** | (59.32) | |
| Previous online shopping experience | EXP: I have experience about where and how to make purchases online | 1 | – |
| Age (control) | AGE | 1 | – |
| Sex (control) | SEX | 1 | – |
Note(s): CR: Composite reliability; AVE: Average variance extracted. **: p < 0.01