Table A1

Measurement scales

VariablesNumber of itemsCronbach’ alphaCRAVE
Perceived usefulness: Adapted by Aiolfi and Bellini (2019)
  • 1. I believe that using a smart speaker makes my life easier

  • 2. I believe that using a smart speaker allows me to perform numerous actions

  • 3. I think I could save some time by using a smart speaker to perform different daily actions

  • 4. I think in general it is useful to use a smart speaker

40.9310.8480.583
Perceived ease of use: Adapted from Aiolfi and Bellini (2019)
  • 1. It's easy to give commands to use a smart speaker

  • 2. It's easy to use a smart speaker to listen to music

  • 3. It's easy to use a smart speaker to ask for information

  • 4. I think it's easy to use a smart speaker while I'm doing other tasks

40.9340.9520.832
Perceived privacy risk: Adapted from McLean and Osei-Frimpong (2019)
  • 1. I have doubts about the confidentiality of the conversations I have with the voice assistant of a smart speaker

  • 2. I'm afraid to share my personal data with the voice assistant of a smart speaker

  • 3. I am afraid that my personal data stored by the voice assistant of a smart speaker may be stolen

  • 4. I'm afraid that the voice assistant of a smart speaker collects too much information about me

40.9060.8230.538
Innovativeness: Adapted from Sundar and Noseworthy (2016)
  • 1. Smart speakers are equipped with highly innovative technology

  • 2. Compared to other technological tools on the market, smart speakers are very innovative

  • 3. Smart speaker technology is unique

  • 4. The voice technology leveraged by smart speakers is new and cutting edge

40.8920.9290.771
Perceived enjoyment: Adapted from Kowalczuk (2018)
  • 1. Using a smart speaker is fun and engaging

  • 2. It is pleasant to use a smart speaker to perform actions

  • 3. I have a lot of fun using and conversing with a smart speaker

30.9110.8530.659
Social attraction: adapted from McLean and Osei-Frimpong (2019)
  • 1. I think the voice assistant in a smart speaker can become a friend to chat with

  • 2. I would like to spend more time with the voice assistant in a smart speaker

  • 3. I think the time spent with a voice assistant is well spent

30.9050.8140.596
Task technology fit: adapted from Ling et al. (2021)
  • 1. The functionality of smart speakers is more than adequate for the performance of their tasks

  • 2. Smart speaker features are appropriate for the tasks they are scheduled for

  • 3. Smart speaker features are very useful

  • 4. In general, the features of smart speakers adapt well to carrying out daily tasks

40.8780.8750.639
Attitude towards smart speakers: adapted from Aiolfi and Bellini (2019)
  • 1. I think it is convenient to use a smart speaker

  • 2. I think it is a great idea to use a smart speaker

  • 3. I think it is nice to be able to use a smart speaker to perform different tasks

30.9400.8970.745
Intention to use smart speakers: Adapted from Aiolfi and Bellini (2019)
  • 1. I plan to continue using a smart speaker in the future

  • 2. I plan to use a smart speaker more in the future

  • 3. In the future I will recommend my friends to use a smart speaker

30.9410.9330.825

Source(s): Author's elaboration

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