Estimates of parents' life satisfaction (ordered probit regression on estimation sample)
| Model | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parents | Mothers | Fathers | |
| Coef | Coef | Coef | |
| (Linearized SE) | (Linearized SE) | (Linearized SE) | |
| Pre-recession (2006/7) | 0.295** | 0.351*** | 0.179 |
| (0.09) | (0.10) | (0.13) | |
| Post-recession (2016/17) | 0.278*** | 0.374*** | 0.140 |
| (0.08) | (0.08) | (0.12) | |
| Coping on present income | −0.285*** | −0.278** | −0.320** |
| (0.07) | (0.09) | (0.10) | |
| Difficult on present income | −0.666*** | −0.604*** | −0.770*** |
| (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.18) | |
| Very difficult on present income | −1.001*** | −0.953*** | −1.012*** |
| (0.15) | (0.19) | (0.27) | |
| Employed | 0.184 | 0.111 | 0.366 |
| (0.15) | (0.19) | (0.25) | |
| Out of labour force | −0.179 | −0.245* | −0.120 |
| (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.22) | |
| Working hours | 0.001 | −0.001 | 0.001 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Partner is employed | 0.231* | 0.230 | 0.109 |
| (0.12) | (0.15) | (0.24) | |
| Both employed | −0.291* | −0.332* | −0.131 |
| (0.12) | (0.16) | (0.26) | |
| Age | −0.043 | −0.008 | −0.113 |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | (0.08) | |
| Age2 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Female | 0.041 | – | – |
| (0.07) | – | – | |
| ISCED3and4 | −0.114 | −0.017 | −0.258* |
| (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.12) | |
| ISCED5 | −0.038 | 0.033 | −0.116 |
| (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.13) | |
| Live with partner | 0.086 | 0.107 | 0.195 |
| (0.10) | (0.14) | (0.20) | |
| Child(ren) aged 0–4 years | 0.208*** | 0.124* | 0.424*** |
| (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.12) | |
| Child(ren) aged 5–12 years | 0.154*** | 0.121** | 0.223** |
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.08) | |
| Child(ren) aged 13–18 years | 0.055 | 0.014 | 0.166 |
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.11) | |
| Working parent with child aged 0–4 years | 0.018 | 0.058 | −0.194 |
| (0.10) | (0.13) | (0.18) | |
| Working parent with child aged 5–12 years | −0.200* | −0.218* | −0.215 |
| (0.09) | (0.11) | (0.16) | |
| Working parent with child aged 13–18 years | 0.031 | −0.010 | −0.016 |
| (0.10) | (0.13) | (0.17) | |
| N | 1,828 | 1,193 | 635 |
| Model | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parents | Mothers | Fathers | |
| Coef | Coef | Coef | |
| (Linearized SE) | (Linearized SE) | (Linearized SE) | |
| Pre-recession (2006/7) | 0.295** | 0.351*** | 0.179 |
| (0.09) | (0.10) | (0.13) | |
| Post-recession (2016/17) | 0.278*** | 0.374*** | 0.140 |
| (0.08) | (0.08) | (0.12) | |
| Coping on present income | −0.285*** | −0.278** | −0.320** |
| (0.07) | (0.09) | (0.10) | |
| Difficult on present income | −0.666*** | −0.604*** | −0.770*** |
| (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.18) | |
| Very difficult on present income | −1.001*** | −0.953*** | −1.012*** |
| (0.15) | (0.19) | (0.27) | |
| Employed | 0.184 | 0.111 | 0.366 |
| (0.15) | (0.19) | (0.25) | |
| Out of labour force | −0.179 | −0.245* | −0.120 |
| (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.22) | |
| Working hours | 0.001 | −0.001 | 0.001 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Partner is employed | 0.231* | 0.230 | 0.109 |
| (0.12) | (0.15) | (0.24) | |
| Both employed | −0.291* | −0.332* | −0.131 |
| (0.12) | (0.16) | (0.26) | |
| Age | −0.043 | −0.008 | −0.113 |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | (0.08) | |
| Age2 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Female | 0.041 | – | – |
| (0.07) | – | – | |
| ISCED3and4 | −0.114 | −0.017 | −0.258* |
| (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.12) | |
| ISCED5 | −0.038 | 0.033 | −0.116 |
| (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.13) | |
| Live with partner | 0.086 | 0.107 | 0.195 |
| (0.10) | (0.14) | (0.20) | |
| Child(ren) aged 0–4 years | 0.208*** | 0.124* | 0.424*** |
| (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.12) | |
| Child(ren) aged 5–12 years | 0.154*** | 0.121** | 0.223** |
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.08) | |
| Child(ren) aged 13–18 years | 0.055 | 0.014 | 0.166 |
| (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.11) | |
| Working parent with child aged 0–4 years | 0.018 | 0.058 | −0.194 |
| (0.10) | (0.13) | (0.18) | |
| Working parent with child aged 5–12 years | −0.200* | −0.218* | −0.215 |
| (0.09) | (0.11) | (0.16) | |
| Working parent with child aged 13–18 years | 0.031 | −0.010 | −0.016 |
| (0.10) | (0.13) | (0.17) | |
| 1,828 | 1,193 | 635 |
Note(s): Statistical significance ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05. Estimated using svy command in Stata 14.2. Reference Categories: Crisis years (2010/11), Living comfortably on present income, Unemployed, Partner is not in employment, Male (in Model 1), ISCED1and2, Does not live with a partner. Cut points available from the authors
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