Types of family inclusion in societal redistribution
| Type | Type characteristics | Empirical example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Family is absent in societal redistribution | Nowhere to be observed |
| 2 | Family is included only when at risk of poverty | Former UK |
| 3 | Family is included on a medium redistributive level if a financial burden on the breadwinner or a handicap to labour market participation is attributed to it | UK at present |
| 4 | Family is included in societal redistribution on a high level on the understanding of it as a fundamental contribution to society | German child-care pension credits |
| 5 | Family is included in societal redistribution as a source of funding in order to avoid societal redistribution costs | Means-tested benefits |
| Type | Type characteristics | Empirical example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Family is absent in societal redistribution | Nowhere to be observed |
| 2 | Family is included only when at risk of poverty | Former UK |
| 3 | Family is included on a medium redistributive level if a financial burden on the breadwinner or a handicap to labour market participation is attributed to it | UK at present |
| 4 | Family is included in societal redistribution on a high level on the understanding of it as a fundamental contribution to society | German child-care pension credits |
| 5 | Family is included in societal redistribution as a source of funding in order to avoid societal redistribution costs | Means-tested benefits |
Source(s): Authors own creation
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