Table 1 EFA results in visitor awareness...

Table 1

EFA results in visitor awareness of conservation due to zoo visits

Awareness statements	Pre-conscious awareness	Conscious awareness	Unconscious awareness
Because wildlife in zoos is housed to the highest possible standards of welfare	0.78
Because zoos are ethical conservation establishments	0.76
Because zoos ensure species-specific “natural life” in captivity	0.73
Because zoos provide refuge to wildlife	0.69
Because of the human-wildlife interaction research conducted at zoos	0.60
Because zoos provide a platform where visitors can admire endangered species	0.53
Because of wildlife behaviour and welfare research conducted at zoos	0.49
Since zoos prioritise wildlife health and welfare		0.78
Since zoos raise awareness of the status of certain species		0.77
Because of the zoo’s mandate towards conservation research		0.76
Since zoos promote other nature conservation institutions		0.75
Because zoos promote conservation education and learning		0.45
Since zoos encourage visitors to change their conservation behaviour		0.45
Because zoos create public awareness of wildlife conservation		0.43
Because zoos highlight certain animals for “entertainment value”			0.89
Since I feel that zoos are inherently cruel establishments			0.79
Since zoo animals are born and bred in captivity			0.78
Eigenvalues (EV)	8.16	1.97	1.04
Var. (%)	48.01	11.61	6.11
Cum. Var. (%)	48.01	59.62	65.73
Cronbach alpha	0.87	0.89	0.79
Avg, inter-item correlation	0.49	0.55	0.56
Mean value (x̄)	3.63	3.68	3.18

Awareness statements	Pre-conscious awareness	Conscious awareness	Unconscious awareness
Because wildlife in zoos is housed to the highest possible standards of welfare	0.78
Because zoos are ethical conservation establishments	0.76
Because zoos ensure species-specific “natural life” in captivity	0.73
Because zoos provide refuge to wildlife	0.69
Because of the human-wildlife interaction research conducted at zoos	0.60
Because zoos provide a platform where visitors can admire endangered species	0.53
Because of wildlife behaviour and welfare research conducted at zoos	0.49
Since zoos prioritise wildlife health and welfare		0.78
Since zoos raise awareness of the status of certain species		0.77
Because of the zoo’s mandate towards conservation research		0.76
Since zoos promote other nature conservation institutions		0.75
Because zoos promote conservation education and learning		0.45
Since zoos encourage visitors to change their conservation behaviour		0.45
Because zoos create public awareness of wildlife conservation		0.43
Because zoos highlight certain animals for “entertainment value”			0.89
Since I feel that zoos are inherently cruel establishments			0.79
Since zoo animals are born and bred in captivity			0.78
Eigenvalues (EV)	8.16	1.97	1.04
Var. (%)	48.01	11.61	6.11
Cum. Var. (%)	48.01	59.62	65.73
Cronbach alpha	0.87	0.89	0.79
Avg, inter-item correlation	0.49	0.55	0.56
Mean value (x̄)	3.63	3.68	3.18

Notes:

*Five-point Likert scale: 1 = completely disagree to 5 = completely agree. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy: 0.93; Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant [x² (136) = 2,575.36, p < 0.05]; the variance explained was 66%

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