Table 3 Travel characteristics as... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Travel characteristics as criterion

Travel characteristics	Authors
Independent tourists who organise their own multi-destination travel with flexible itinerary	Loker-Murphy and Pearce (1995), Ooi and Laing (2010); Paris (2010), Riley (1988); Uriely et al. (2002)
With a low degree of planning and no fixed schedules	Nash et al. (2006), Pearce (1990), cited by Pearce and Foster (2007), Riley (1988)
Travel alone or in small groups	Hampton (1998), Hannam and Diekmann (2010); Riley (1988); Sørensen (2003)
With a preference for longer trips, traveling as long as possible	Nash et al. (2006), Paris (2010); Pearce (1990), cited by Richards and Wilson (2004), Pearce et al. (2009)
Travel with a backpack	Chen et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2018)
Travel for leisure	Adam (2015)

Travel characteristics	Authors
Independent tourists who organise their own multi-destination travel with flexible itinerary	Loker-Murphy and Pearce (1995), Ooi and Laing (2010); Paris (2010), Riley (1988); Uriely et al. (2002)
With a low degree of planning and no fixed schedules	Nash et al. (2006), Pearce (1990), cited by Pearce and Foster (2007), Riley (1988)
Travel alone or in small groups	Hampton (1998), Hannam and Diekmann (2010); Riley (1988); Sørensen (2003)
With a preference for longer trips, traveling as long as possible	Nash et al. (2006), Paris (2010); Pearce (1990), cited by Richards and Wilson (2004), Pearce et al. (2009)
Travel with a backpack	Chen et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2018)
Travel for leisure	Adam (2015)

Source: Author’s construction