Table 5 Backpackers’ sub-segments and...

Table 5

Backpackers’ sub-segments and their operationalisation features

Backpackers’ subsegments	Distinctive features
	Accommodation		Sociodemographic characteristics				Economic criterion		Trip characteristics					Identity	Others
			Age						Duration			Means of transport
	Hostel (dormitories)	Hostel (single/ double rooms)	18–19 years	20–24 years	18–35 years	Age> 35 years	Low daily travel budget	Higher daily travel budget	They are taking a long trip ^(a)	They are taking a short trip (<1 week)	Made 7 or more long-term international trips in the last 5 years	Use public transport/ walking	Rent a car	Use backpack	Travel with new technologies (PC, Smartphone…)	Gap year at the end of secondary school	Pause or end of higher education/ military service	Students traveling on school breaks	Participation in volunteer activities	Preference for fun activities (parties)
Backpackers (long-term)	●				●		○		●			○		○
Backpackers (short-term)	●	○			●		○	○		●		○		○
Flashpackers		●			○	○		●	○	●			●	○	●				○
Holiday Backpacker	○	○				●		●						○	○				○
Gap Year Backpacker	○		○				○		○			○		○	○	●
Party Backpackers	○		○				○		○	○		○		○	○	○				●
Voluntourism	○				○		○		○			○		○	○	○	○		●
University Gap Traveller	○			●			○		○			○		○	○		●
Study Backpacker	○				●		○		○	○		○		○	○			●
Global Nomads	○				○	○	○		●		●	○		○

Backpackers’ subsegments	Distinctive features
	Accommodation		Sociodemographic characteristics				Economic criterion		Trip characteristics					Identity	Others
			Age						Duration			Means of transport
	Hostel (dormitories)	Hostel (single/double rooms)	18–19 years	20–24 years	18–35 years	Age> 35 years	Low daily travel budget	Higher daily travel budget	They are taking a long trip ^(a)	They are taking a short trip (<1 week)	Made 7 or more long-term international trips in the last 5 years	Use public transport/walking	Rent a car	Use backpack	Travel with new technologies (PC, Smartphone…)	Gap year at the end of secondary school	Pause or end of higher education/military service	Students traveling on school breaks	Participation in volunteer activities	Preference for fun activities (parties)
Backpackers (long-term)	●				●		○		●			○		○
Backpackers (short-term)	●	○			●		○	○		●		○		○
Flashpackers		●			○	○		●	○	●			●	○	●				○
Holiday Backpacker	○	○				●		●						○	○				○
Gap Year Backpacker	○		○				○		○			○		○	○	●
Party Backpackers	○		○				○		○	○		○		○	○	○				●
Voluntourism	○				○		○		○			○		○	○	○	○		●
University Gap Traveller	○			●			○		○			○		○	○		●
Study Backpacker	○				●		○		○	○		○		○	○			●
Global Nomads	○				○	○	○		●		●	○		○

Notes:

Main distinctive features (black circles) are highlighted in grey; (a) A long-term trip is one that is longer than 7 days (Richards, 2015)

Sources: (Butler & Hannam, 2014; Hampton, 1998; Hannam & Diekmann, 2010; Loker-Murphy & Pearce, 1995; Moscardo et al. (2013); Paris, 2012; Richards, 2015; Richards & Wilson, 2004; Riley, 1988; Rogerson, 2007; Scheyvens, 2002; Sørensen, 2003; Tourism Research Australia, 2009; Tourism Victoria, 2009). Author’s construction

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