Structural estimates (hypotheses testing)
| Path | Coefficients | T-values | 95% CI | VIF | R2 | f2 | Decision | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | COMP → USA | 0.029 | 0.515 | [−0.081, 0.142] | 2.930 | 0.637 | 0.001 | Not supported |
| H2 | IMG → USA | −0.083** | 2.604 | [−0.147, −0.021] | 1.543 | 0.012 | Supported | |
| H3 | PRA → USA | 0.130* | 2.359 | [0.026, 0.233] | 3.162 | 0.015 | Supported | |
| H4 | PEOU → USA | 0.042 | 0.754 | [−0.060, 0.156] | 3.754 | 0.001 | Not supported | |
| H6 | PU → USA | 0.104* | 1.901 | [0.003, 0.214] | 3.217 | 0.009 | Supported | |
| H7 | IQ → USA | 0.135* | 2.403 | [0.029, 0.252] | 3.355 | 0.014 | Supported | |
| H8 | SQ → USA | 0.263*** | 4.257 | [0.139, 0.381] | 3.607 | 0.048 | Supported | |
| H9 | SEQ → USA | 0.245*** | 4.220 | [0.134, 0.356] | 3.922 | 0.043 | Supported | |
| H5 | PEOU → PU | 0.774*** | 28.475 | [0.712, 0.822] | 1.000 | 0.600 | 1.497 | Supported |
| Control variables | ||||||||
| Gender | Gender → USA | −0.001 | 0.047 | [−0.055, 0.051] | 1.041 | 0.001 | ||
| Age | Age → USA | −0.047 | 1.835 | [−0.099, 0.002] | 1.046 | 0.006 | ||
| Education | Education → USA | −0.014 | 0.580 | [−0.063, 0.032] | 1.097 | 0.002 | ||
| Location | Location → USA | −0.063** | 2.733 | [−0.112, −0.021] | 1.026 | 0.011 | ||
| Path | Coefficients | 95% CI | VIF | Decision | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COMP → USA | 0.029 | 0.515 | [−0.081, 0.142] | 2.930 | 0.637 | 0.001 | Not supported | |
| IMG → USA | −0.083** | 2.604 | [−0.147, −0.021] | 1.543 | 0.012 | Supported | ||
| PRA → USA | 0.130* | 2.359 | [0.026, 0.233] | 3.162 | 0.015 | Supported | ||
| PEOU → USA | 0.042 | 0.754 | [−0.060, 0.156] | 3.754 | 0.001 | Not supported | ||
| PU → USA | 0.104* | 1.901 | [0.003, 0.214] | 3.217 | 0.009 | Supported | ||
| IQ → USA | 0.135* | 2.403 | [0.029, 0.252] | 3.355 | 0.014 | Supported | ||
| SQ → USA | 0.263*** | 4.257 | [0.139, 0.381] | 3.607 | 0.048 | Supported | ||
| SEQ → USA | 0.245*** | 4.220 | [0.134, 0.356] | 3.922 | 0.043 | Supported | ||
| PEOU → PU | 0.774*** | 28.475 | [0.712, 0.822] | 1.000 | 0.600 | 1.497 | Supported | |
| Gender | Gender → USA | −0.001 | 0.047 | [−0.055, 0.051] | 1.041 | 0.001 | ||
| Age | Age → USA | −0.047 | 1.835 | [−0.099, 0.002] | 1.046 | 0.006 | ||
| Education | Education → USA | −0.014 | 0.580 | [−0.063, 0.032] | 1.097 | 0.002 | ||
| Location | Location → USA | −0.063** | 2.733 | [−0.112, −0.021] | 1.026 | 0.011 | ||
Note(s): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. CI = Bias-corrected confidence interval