| Perceived usefulness | Users' expected benefits from using Contact Tracing Mobile Apps (CTMA) in protecting their health during the COVID-19 pandemic (Bhattacherjee, 2001; Davis, 1989) |
| Perceived distress relief | Users' perception of relieving their COVID-19-related distress through CTMA (Dholakia, 2006) |
| Privacy concerns | Users' concerns about opportunistic behavior related to private information collected by CTMA (Dinev and Hart, 2006) |
| Perceived response efficacy | Users' perception of the efficacy of protection offered by the CTMA providers in successfully attenuating privacy threats in CTMA use (Posey et al., 2015) |
| Continuance usage | Users' continued use of CTMA during the COVID-19 pandemic (Bhattacherjee, 2001) |