Construct measurement and convergent validity test results
| Constructs | Reference | Item | Factor loading | CA | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuance usage (CU) | Bhattacherjee (2001) | CU1: I continue using CTMA, rather than discontinuing their use in recent days | 0.849 | 0.866 | 0.903 | 0.650 |
| CU2: I continue using CTMA, rather than using any alternative means of tracing in recent days | 0.788 | |||||
| CU3: I will continue my CTMA use in the following days during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | |||||
| Perceived distress relief (PDR) | Dholakia (2006) | PDR1: Using CTMA makes me feel self-assured | 0.823 | 0.823 | 0.883 | 0.653 |
| PDR2: Using CTMA makes me feel relieved | 0.820 | |||||
| PDR3: Using CTMA makes me feel contented | 0.820 | |||||
| PDR4: Using CTMA makes me feel calm | 0.794 | |||||
| PDR5: Using CTMA makes me feel tranquil | 0.773 | |||||
| Perceived usefulness (PU) | Bhattacherjee (2001) | PU1: Using CTMA improves my performance in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | 0.758 | 0.861 | 0.674 |
| PU2: Using CTMA increases my productivity in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.797 | |||||
| PU3: Using CTMA enhances my effectiveness in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | |||||
| PU4: Overall, using CTMA is useful in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.785 | |||||
| Privacy concern (PC) | Dinev and Hart (2006) | PC1: I am concerned that my information collected by CTMA could be misused | 0.824 | 0.871 | 0.911 | 0.719 |
| PC2: I am concerned that someone else can access my information through CTMA. | 0.855 | |||||
| PC3: I am concerned about information collected by CTMA because of what others might do with it | 0.871 | |||||
| PC4: I am concerned about information collected by CTMA because it could be used in a way I did not foresee | 0.843 | |||||
| Perceived response efficacy (PRE) | Posey et al. (2015) | PRE1: The efforts of CTMA providers to keep my privacy safe from information security threats are effective | 0.783 | 0.788 | 0.863 | 0.611 |
| PRE2: The available measures taken by CTMA providers to protect my privacy from security violations are effective | 0.773 | |||||
| PRE3: The preventive measures available to stop people from accessing my privacy taken by CTMA providers are adequate | 0.783 | |||||
| PRE4: The preventive measures available to keep people from misusing my privacy taken by CTMA providers are adequate | 0.788 |
| Constructs | Reference | Item | Factor loading | CA | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuance usage (CU) | CU1: I continue using CTMA, rather than discontinuing their use in recent days | 0.849 | 0.866 | 0.903 | 0.650 | |
| CU2: I continue using CTMA, rather than using any alternative means of tracing in recent days | 0.788 | |||||
| CU3: I will continue my CTMA use in the following days during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | |||||
| Perceived distress relief (PDR) | PDR1: Using CTMA makes me feel self-assured | 0.823 | 0.823 | 0.883 | 0.653 | |
| PDR2: Using CTMA makes me feel relieved | 0.820 | |||||
| PDR3: Using CTMA makes me feel contented | 0.820 | |||||
| PDR4: Using CTMA makes me feel calm | 0.794 | |||||
| PDR5: Using CTMA makes me feel tranquil | 0.773 | |||||
| Perceived usefulness (PU) | PU1: Using CTMA improves my performance in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | 0.758 | 0.861 | 0.674 | |
| PU2: Using CTMA increases my productivity in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.797 | |||||
| PU3: Using CTMA enhances my effectiveness in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.825 | |||||
| PU4: Overall, using CTMA is useful in protecting myself during the COVID-19 pandemic | 0.785 | |||||
| Privacy concern (PC) | PC1: I am concerned that my information collected by CTMA could be misused | 0.824 | 0.871 | 0.911 | 0.719 | |
| PC2: I am concerned that someone else can access my information through CTMA. | 0.855 | |||||
| PC3: I am concerned about information collected by CTMA because of what others might do with it | 0.871 | |||||
| PC4: I am concerned about information collected by CTMA because it could be used in a way I did not foresee | 0.843 | |||||
| Perceived response efficacy (PRE) | PRE1: The efforts of CTMA providers to keep my privacy safe from information security threats are effective | 0.783 | 0.788 | 0.863 | 0.611 | |
| PRE2: The available measures taken by CTMA providers to protect my privacy from security violations are effective | 0.773 | |||||
| PRE3: The preventive measures available to stop people from accessing my privacy taken by CTMA providers are adequate | 0.783 | |||||
| PRE4: The preventive measures available to keep people from misusing my privacy taken by CTMA providers are adequate | 0.788 |
Note(s): CR = composite reliability; CA = Cronbach's alpha; AVE = average variance extracted