Measurement scales
| Scale and item | Loadings |
|---|---|
| Data Capability | |
| Almost all of the products we sell accumulate data in our systems | 0.80 |
| We can analyze the data accumulated from the products | 0.97 |
| We offer productized data-driven services to our customers | 0.57 |
| All our products are equipped with information and communication technology (e.g. sensors) for collecting data | deleted |
| Supply Chain Capability (SCC) Adapted from Wu et al. (2006), Yu et al. (2018) | |
| Information Exchange (IE) | |
| Our company exchanges more information with its partners than our competitors do with their partners | 0.89 |
| Information flows more freely between our company and its partners than between our competitors and their partners | 0.88 |
| Our company benefits more from information exchange with its partners than our competitors do from exchanges with their partners | 0.91 |
| Our information exchange with our partners is superior to the information exchange of our competitors and their partners | 0.85 |
| Activity Integration (AI) | |
| Our company develops strategic plans in collaboration with its partners | 0.74 |
| Our company collaborates on forecasting and planning with its partners | 0.91 |
| Our company projects and plans future demand in collaboration with its partners | 0.88 |
| Responsiveness | |
| Compared to our competitors, our supply chain responds more quickly and effectively to changing customer and supplier needs | 0.67 |
| Compared to our competitors, our supply chain develops and markets new products more quickly and effectively | 0.88 |
| In most markets, our supply chain competes effectively | 0.71 |
| The relationship with our partners has increased our supply chain responsiveness to market changes through collaboration | 0.80 |
| Coordination | |
| Our company conducts transaction follow-up activities more efficiently with our partners than do our competitors with their own partners | 0.79 |
| Our company spends less time coordinating transactions with our partners than our competitors with their own partners | 0.53 |
| Our company has reduced partnering costs more than our competitors | 0.56 |
| Our company can perform the business at less cost than our competitors | deleted |
| Operational Performance Adapted from Ward and Duray (2000), Wong et al. (2011) | |
| Delivery performance | |
| Our delivery times are shorter than the industry average | 0.60 |
| Our delivery punctuality is good or better than the industry average | 0.95 |
| The reliability of our delivery is good or better than the industry average | 0.93 |
| We have been able to reduce the time it takes to process the order more than the industry average | 0.52 |
| Quality performance | |
| The quality of our products has been steady, and quality deviations are less common than the industry average | 0.84 |
| Our products are reliable and match our customers' standards better than the industry average | 0.75 |
| Production flexibility | |
| Our ability to change production volume is better than the industry average | 0.55 |
| Our ability to customize products is better than the industry average | 0.72 |
| Our ability to make rapid changes in product offering is better than the industry average | 0.95 |
| Cost performance | deleted |
| Our production costs are below the industry average | deleted |
| The cost of storing our products is lower than the industry average | deleted |
| Overheads of our products are lower than the industry average | deleted |
| The price competitiveness of our products is better than the industry average | deleted |
| Competitor turbulence | |
| Competition in our industry is cutthroat | 0.83 |
| Price competition is a hallmark of our industry | 0.83 |
| One hears of a new competitive move almost every day | 0.61 |
| Scale and item | Loadings |
|---|---|
| Almost all of the products we sell accumulate data in our systems | 0.80 |
| We can analyze the data accumulated from the products | 0.97 |
| We offer productized data-driven services to our customers | 0.57 |
| All our products are equipped with information and communication technology (e.g. sensors) for collecting data | |
| Our company exchanges more information with its partners than our competitors do with their partners | 0.89 |
| Information flows more freely between our company and its partners than between our competitors and their partners | 0.88 |
| Our company benefits more from information exchange with its partners than our competitors do from exchanges with their partners | 0.91 |
| Our information exchange with our partners is superior to the information exchange of our competitors and their partners | 0.85 |
| Our company develops strategic plans in collaboration with its partners | 0.74 |
| Our company collaborates on forecasting and planning with its partners | 0.91 |
| Our company projects and plans future demand in collaboration with its partners | 0.88 |
| Compared to our competitors, our supply chain responds more quickly and effectively to changing customer and supplier needs | 0.67 |
| Compared to our competitors, our supply chain develops and markets new products more quickly and effectively | 0.88 |
| In most markets, our supply chain competes effectively | 0.71 |
| The relationship with our partners has increased our supply chain responsiveness to market changes through collaboration | 0.80 |
| Our company conducts transaction follow-up activities more efficiently with our partners than do our competitors with their own partners | 0.79 |
| Our company spends less time coordinating transactions with our partners than our competitors with their own partners | 0.53 |
| Our company has reduced partnering costs more than our competitors | 0.56 |
| Our company can perform the business at less cost than our competitors | |
| Our delivery times are shorter than the industry average | 0.60 |
| Our delivery punctuality is good or better than the industry average | 0.95 |
| The reliability of our delivery is good or better than the industry average | 0.93 |
| We have been able to reduce the time it takes to process the order more than the industry average | 0.52 |
| The quality of our products has been steady, and quality deviations are less common than the industry average | 0.84 |
| Our products are reliable and match our customers' standards better than the industry average | 0.75 |
| Our ability to change production volume is better than the industry average | 0.55 |
| Our ability to customize products is better than the industry average | 0.72 |
| Our ability to make rapid changes in product offering is better than the industry average | 0.95 |
| Our production costs are below the industry average | |
| The cost of storing our products is lower than the industry average | |
| Overheads of our products are lower than the industry average | |
| The price competitiveness of our products is better than the industry average | |
| Competition in our industry is cutthroat | 0.83 |
| Price competition is a hallmark of our industry | 0.83 |
| One hears of a new competitive move almost every day | 0.61 |
Source(s): Author's own creation/work
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