Table 4

(Survey 1) Direct effects in mediation structural model

HypothesisPathDirect effect
H1a(a)+Govt/quasi-govt. EPPs →Financial performance0.111* 
H1a(b)+Govt/quasi-govt. EPPs → Product-market performance0.274* 
H1b(a)+Non-govt. EPPs → Financial performance0.164* 
H1b(b)+Non-govt. EPPs → Product-market performance0.148* 
H2aGovt/quasi-govt. EPPs → International EO−0.051 (ns)Not supported
H2bNon-govt. EPPs → International EO0.395***Supported
H3(a)International EO→ Financial performance0.429***Supported
H3(b)International EO→ Product-market performance0.388***Supported

Note(s): +These hypotheses are already supported in the direct effect model (Figure 1)

* = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001

ns = not significant

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