Table 1 The 5Cs—opposing effects of AI... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

The 5Cs—opposing effects of AI explainability

Opposing effects	Description	Key sources
Comprehensibility	Understandability of what explainability of AI means to different stakeholders, especially laypeople	Adadi and Berrada (2018), Arrieta et al. (2020), De Graaf and Malle (2017), Harper (2019), Holzinger et al. (2019), Miller (2019), Ntoutsi et al. (2020), Páez (2019)
Conduct	The innovativeness and performance of AI systems and their explainability	D'Acquisto (2020), Diez-Olivan et al. (2019), Gunning and Aha (2019), Gunning et al. (2019), Robbins (2019a), Silver et al. (2016)
Confidentiality	Confidentiality, security and safety risks due to the explainability of AI systems	Arrieta et al. (2020), Holzinger et al. (2019), Tóth (2019)
Completeness	Consequences due to AI logic that cannot be proved or explained	Arrieta et al. (2020), D'Acquisto (2020), Silver et al. (2016)
Confidence in AI	Overconfidence in AI outcomes vs. mistrust of AI due to its explanation	Bertino et al. (2019), Harper (2019), Mittelstadt et al. (2016), Pieters (2011)

Opposing effects	Description	Key sources
Comprehensibility	Understandability of what explainability of AI means to different stakeholders, especially laypeople	Adadi and Berrada (2018), Arrieta et al. (2020), De Graaf and Malle (2017), Harper (2019), Holzinger et al. (2019), Miller (2019), Ntoutsi et al. (2020), Páez (2019)
Conduct	The innovativeness and performance of AI systems and their explainability	D'Acquisto (2020), Diez-Olivan et al. (2019), Gunning and Aha (2019), Gunning et al. (2019), Robbins (2019a), Silver et al. (2016)
Confidentiality	Confidentiality, security and safety risks due to the explainability of AI systems	Arrieta et al. (2020), Holzinger et al. (2019), Tóth (2019)
Completeness	Consequences due to AI logic that cannot be proved or explained	Arrieta et al. (2020), D'Acquisto (2020), Silver et al. (2016)
Confidence in AI	Overconfidence in AI outcomes vs. mistrust of AI due to its explanation	Bertino et al. (2019), Harper (2019), Mittelstadt et al. (2016), Pieters (2011)