Table 1 Validity and reliability of...

Table 1

Validity and reliability of first and second order constructs

Second order construct	First order construct	Indicator code	EFA	First order CFA			Second order CFA
Second order construct	First order construct	Indicator code	EFA	Loading	AVE	CR	Loading	AVE	CR
Entrepreneurial leadership	Care for others	1	0.850	0.829	0.917	0.735	0.736	0.759	0.512
		2	0.836	0.795
		3	0.766	0.699
		4	0.746	0.732
	Having a vision	1	0.814	0.729	0.896	0.683	0.641
		2	0.801	0.714
		3	0.733	0.782
	Opportunity oriented	1	0.811	0.779	0.870	0.627	0.682
		2	0.808	0.715
		3	0.796	0.745
Entrepreneurial ability	Desire for profit	1	0.834	0.761	0.850	0.586	0.563	0.645	0.435
		2	0.824	0.737
		3	0.790	0.752
	Social ties and networks	1	0.952	0.992	0.822	0.537	0.576
		2	0.941	0.973
		3	0.838	0.767
	Prior experience	1	0.953	0.995	0.939	0.840	0.706
		2	0.941	0.969
		3	0.870	0.794
		4	0.873	0.903
		5	0.849	0.944
		6	0.714	0.543
	Market orientation	1	0.822	0.780	0.923	0.800	0.528
		2	0.810	0.733
		3	0.804	0.739
Individual entrepreneurial orientation	Proactivity	1	0.797	0.711	0.904	0.760	0.724	0.589	0.376
		2	0.773	0.724
		3	0.720	0.737
	Innovativeness	1	0.839	0.738	0.846	0.659	0.622
		2	0.813	0.737
		3	0.771	0.733
	Risk taking	1	0.812	0.775	0.794	0.563	0.610
		2	0.809	0.751
		3	0.797	0.750
	Aggressiveness	1	0.879	0.866	0.791	0.557	0.497
		2	0.874	0.864
		3	0.869	0.881
	Autonomy	1	0.824	0.768	0.783	0.551	0.520
		2	0.813	0.808
		3	0.800	0.811
MSME performance	Increased employment	1	0.868	0.788	0.786	0.552	0.724	0.753	0.510
		2	0.871	0.761
		3	0.843	0.723
	Financial performance	1	0.875	0.795	0.886	0.618	0.674
		2	0.887	0.757
		3	0.896	0.716
	Expansion of existing business	1	0.879	0.819	0.869	0.625	0.613
		2	0.777	0.727
		3	0.826	0.736
	Employee motivation	1	0.866	0.830	0.909	0.715	0.741	0.844	0.576
		2	0.858	0.841
		3	0.823	0.816

Second order construct	First order construct	Indicator code	EFA	First order CFA			Second order CFA
Second order construct	First order construct	Indicator code	EFA	Loading	AVE	CR	Loading	AVE	CR
Entrepreneurial leadership	Care for others	1	0.850	0.829	0.917	0.735	0.736	0.759	0.512
		2	0.836	0.795
		3	0.766	0.699
		4	0.746	0.732
	Having a vision	1	0.814	0.729	0.896	0.683	0.641
		2	0.801	0.714
		3	0.733	0.782
	Opportunity oriented	1	0.811	0.779	0.870	0.627	0.682
		2	0.808	0.715
		3	0.796	0.745
Entrepreneurial ability	Desire for profit	1	0.834	0.761	0.850	0.586	0.563	0.645	0.435
		2	0.824	0.737
		3	0.790	0.752
	Social ties and networks	1	0.952	0.992	0.822	0.537	0.576
		2	0.941	0.973
		3	0.838	0.767
	Prior experience	1	0.953	0.995	0.939	0.840	0.706
		2	0.941	0.969
		3	0.870	0.794
		4	0.873	0.903
		5	0.849	0.944
		6	0.714	0.543
	Market orientation	1	0.822	0.780	0.923	0.800	0.528
		2	0.810	0.733
		3	0.804	0.739
Individual entrepreneurial orientation	Proactivity	1	0.797	0.711	0.904	0.760	0.724	0.589	0.376
		2	0.773	0.724
		3	0.720	0.737
	Innovativeness	1	0.839	0.738	0.846	0.659	0.622
		2	0.813	0.737
		3	0.771	0.733
	Risk taking	1	0.812	0.775	0.794	0.563	0.610
		2	0.809	0.751
		3	0.797	0.750
	Aggressiveness	1	0.879	0.866	0.791	0.557	0.497
		2	0.874	0.864
		3	0.869	0.881
	Autonomy	1	0.824	0.768	0.783	0.551	0.520
		2	0.813	0.808
		3	0.800	0.811
MSME performance	Increased employment	1	0.868	0.788	0.786	0.552	0.724	0.753	0.510
		2	0.871	0.761
		3	0.843	0.723
	Financial performance	1	0.875	0.795	0.886	0.618	0.674
		2	0.887	0.757
		3	0.896	0.716
	Expansion of existing business	1	0.879	0.819	0.869	0.625	0.613
		2	0.777	0.727
		3	0.826	0.736
	Employee motivation	1	0.866	0.830	0.909	0.715	0.741	0.844	0.576
		2	0.858	0.841
		3	0.823	0.816

Note(s): EFA: Exploratory Factor Analysis; CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis; AVE: Average variance Extracted; CR: Composite Reliability

Source(s): Authors' calculations

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