Main results of OLS regressions using models 2–6
| ROAt (DV) vs IVs and CVs | Model-2 | Model-3 | Model-4 | Model-5 | Model-6 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | |
ROAt-1 | 0.665 *** (−0.0351) | −0.606 *** (−0.0619) | 0.647 *** (−0.0351) | −0.673 *** (−0.0596) | 0.651 *** (−0.035) | −0.631 *** (−0.062) | 0.652 *** (−0.0349) | −0.639 *** (−0.0636) | 0.658 *** (−0.035) | −0.636 *** (−0.0604) |
ProductResp._Scoret-1 | 0.112 (−0.203) | 1.695 *** (−0.289) | ||||||||
CSRStrategy_Scoret | 0.246 * (−0.145) | −0.873 *** (−0.332) | ||||||||
EnvInnovation_Scoret | 0.447 *** (−0.109) | 2.352 *** (−0.505) | ||||||||
Management Scoret | 0.336 ** (−0.147) | 0.443 *** (−0.17) | ||||||||
ResourceUse_Scoret-1 | 0.312 ** (−0.151) | −1.010 ** (−0.411) | ||||||||
Overhead_Ratiot-1 | 0.428 (−15.18) | 11.77 * (−6.647) | 4.405 (−10.28) | −45.30 *** (−6.395) | 3.906 (−5.006) | −10.12 * (−5.727) | 9.68 (−8.647) | −1.744 (−8.708) | 10.94 (−11.57) | −42.21 *** (−6.111) |
CahsFlowSales_Ratiot-1 | 0.0999 (−0.183) | 0.403 *** (−0.0848) | 0.205 (−0.14) | 0.560 *** (−0.0771) | 0.249 *** (−0.070) | 0.385 *** (−0.0787) | 0.192 * (−0.114) | 0.438 *** (−0.096) | 0.177 (−0.145) | 0.537 *** (−0.0783) |
Quick Ratiot-1 | −2.197 (−1.47) | −0.975 * (−0.503) | 0.357 (−1.001) | −1.490 *** (−0.239) | −0.802 * (−0.416) | −1.004 ** (−0.432) | −1.11 (−0.839) | −0.694 ** (−0.346) | 2.489 * (−1.396) | −1.497 *** (−0.239) |
ProductResp. Score*Overhead Ratiot-1 | −0.13 (−0.196) | −1.820 *** (−0.286) | ||||||||
CSRStrategy Score*Overhead Ratiot-1 | −0.209 (−0.142) | 1.019 *** (−0.327) | ||||||||
EnvInnovation Score*Overhead Ratiot-1 | −0.425 *** (−0.107) | −2.492 *** (−0.502) | ||||||||
Management Score*Overhead Ratiot-1 | −0.348 ** (−0.144) | −0.470 *** (−0.172) | ||||||||
ResourceUse Score*Overhead Ratiot-1 | −0.272 * (−0.147) | 1.171 *** (−0.411) | ||||||||
ProductResp. Score*CahsFlowSales Ratiot-1 | −0.0011 (−0.0025) | −0.00379 (−0.0038) | ||||||||
CSRStrategy Score*CahsFlowSales_Ratiot-1 | −0.00274 (−0.0018) | −0.0110 *** (−0.004) | ||||||||
EnvInnovation Score*CahsFlowSales_Ratiot-1 | −0.00607 *** (−0.0014) | −0.0113 ** (−0.006) | ||||||||
Management Score*CahsFlowSales Ratiot-1 | −0.00304 * (−0.0018) | 0.00027 (−0.0024) | ||||||||
ResourceUse Score*CahsFlowSales Ratiot-1 | −0.00215 (−0.002) | −0.0102 ** (−0.005) | ||||||||
ProductResp. Score*Quick Ratiot-1 | 0.0238 (−0.0193) | −0.0089 (−0.016) | ||||||||
CSRStrategy Score*Quick Ratiot-1 | −0.0123 (−0.0144) | 0.039 (−0.025) | ||||||||
EnvInnovation Score*Quick Ratiot-1 | 0.0073 (−0.01) | −0.0088 (−0.022) | ||||||||
Management Score*Quick Ratiot-1 | 0.0115 (−0.0134) | −0.0454 ** (−0.0196) | ||||||||
ResourceUse Score*Quick Ratiot-1 | −0.0371 ** (−0.017) | 0.0278 (−0.027) | ||||||||
InTA1 | −0.449 *** (−0.132) | −4.179 *** (−0.486) | −0.564 *** (−0.134) | −4.083 *** (−0.493) | −0.476 *** (−0.137) | −4.442 *** (−0.492) | −0.465 *** (−0.128) | −4.466 *** (−0.5) | −0.509 *** (−0.135) | −3.973 *** (−0.486) |
Constant | 10.6 (−15.85) | 61.97 *** (−14.79) | 4.741 (−10.83) | 112.2 *** (−14.41) | 5.379 (−5.998) | 88.68 *** (−14.4) | 1.064 (−9.189) | 83.32 *** (−15.87) | −3.193 (−12.21) | 110.2 *** (−14.26) |
Observations | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 |
R-squared | 0.524 | 0.234 | 0.53 | 0.236 | 0.536 | 0.211 | 0.527 | 0.188 | 0.528 | 0.238 |
Note(s): ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1 Standard errors in parentheses
| ||||||||||
| Model-2 | Model-3 | Model-4 | Model-5 | Model-6 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | Top | Bottom | |
0.665 *** (−0.0351) | −0.606 *** (−0.0619) | 0.647 *** (−0.0351) | −0.673 *** (−0.0596) | 0.651 *** (−0.035) | −0.631 *** (−0.062) | 0.652 *** (−0.0349) | −0.639 *** (−0.0636) | 0.658 *** (−0.035) | −0.636 *** (−0.0604) | |
0.112 (−0.203) | 1.695 *** (−0.289) | |||||||||
0.246 * (−0.145) | −0.873 *** (−0.332) | |||||||||
0.447 *** (−0.109) | 2.352 *** (−0.505) | |||||||||
0.336 ** (−0.147) | 0.443 *** (−0.17) | |||||||||
0.312 ** (−0.151) | −1.010 ** (−0.411) | |||||||||
0.428 (−15.18) | 11.77 * (−6.647) | 4.405 (−10.28) | −45.30 *** (−6.395) | 3.906 (−5.006) | −10.12 * (−5.727) | 9.68 (−8.647) | −1.744 (−8.708) | 10.94 (−11.57) | −42.21 *** (−6.111) | |
0.0999 (−0.183) | 0.403 *** (−0.0848) | 0.205 (−0.14) | 0.560 *** (−0.0771) | 0.249 *** (−0.070) | 0.385 *** (−0.0787) | 0.192 * (−0.114) | 0.438 *** (−0.096) | 0.177 (−0.145) | 0.537 *** (−0.0783) | |
−2.197 (−1.47) | −0.975 * (−0.503) | 0.357 (−1.001) | −1.490 *** (−0.239) | −0.802 * (−0.416) | −1.004 ** (−0.432) | −1.11 (−0.839) | −0.694 ** (−0.346) | 2.489 * (−1.396) | −1.497 *** (−0.239) | |
−0.13 (−0.196) | −1.820 *** (−0.286) | |||||||||
−0.209 (−0.142) | 1.019 *** (−0.327) | |||||||||
−0.425 *** (−0.107) | −2.492 *** (−0.502) | |||||||||
−0.348 ** (−0.144) | −0.470 *** (−0.172) | |||||||||
−0.272 * (−0.147) | 1.171 *** (−0.411) | |||||||||
−0.0011 (−0.0025) | −0.00379 (−0.0038) | |||||||||
−0.00274 (−0.0018) | −0.0110 *** (−0.004) | |||||||||
−0.00607 *** (−0.0014) | −0.0113 ** (−0.006) | |||||||||
−0.00304 * (−0.0018) | 0.00027 (−0.0024) | |||||||||
−0.00215 (−0.002) | −0.0102 ** (−0.005) | |||||||||
0.0238 (−0.0193) | −0.0089 (−0.016) | |||||||||
−0.0123 (−0.0144) | 0.039 (−0.025) | |||||||||
0.0073 (−0.01) | −0.0088 (−0.022) | |||||||||
0.0115 (−0.0134) | −0.0454 ** (−0.0196) | |||||||||
−0.0371 ** (−0.017) | 0.0278 (−0.027) | |||||||||
−0.449 *** (−0.132) | −4.179 *** (−0.486) | −0.564 *** (−0.134) | −4.083 *** (−0.493) | −0.476 *** (−0.137) | −4.442 *** (−0.492) | −0.465 *** (−0.128) | −4.466 *** (−0.5) | −0.509 *** (−0.135) | −3.973 *** (−0.486) | |
Constant | 10.6 (−15.85) | 61.97 *** (−14.79) | 4.741 (−10.83) | 112.2 *** (−14.41) | 5.379 (−5.998) | 88.68 *** (−14.4) | 1.064 (−9.189) | 83.32 *** (−15.87) | −3.193 (−12.21) | 110.2 *** (−14.26) |
Observations | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 | 783 | 977 |
R-squared | 0.524 | 0.234 | 0.53 | 0.236 | 0.536 | 0.211 | 0.527 | 0.188 | 0.528 | 0.238 |
Standard errors in parentheses | ||||||||||
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