Table 2 Estimated odds ratios from the...

Table 2

Estimated odds ratios from the three-level logistic models

	Model 1 (all surveys together)	Model 2 (2012 survey)	Model 3 (2013 survey)	Model 4 (2017 survey)	Model 5 (2015 and 2017 surveys)
Fixed effects
Gender	0.974	1.035	0.932	0.867***	0.958
Age_centred	0.995***	0.996**	0.991***	0.993**	0.995***
Age_ centred squared	1.000***	1.000***	1.000**	0.999***	1.000***
Household size	0.973**	0.965	0.953*	1.005	0.973
Rural	0.964	1.130	1.013	1.033	0.877
Small town	1.033	1.039	1.009	1.061	0.963
Single with children	0.922	1.034	1.153	0.962	0.759*
Married no children	1.090***	1.144***	1.165**	0.933	1.028
Married with children	1.023	1.080	1.115	0.943	0.976
Education medium	1.180**	1.329***	1.044	1.053	1.192***
Education high	1.608***	1.532***	1.472***	1.613***	1.732***
Education very high	1.821***	1.782***	1.762***	1.738***	1.827***
Education student	1.690***	1.526***	1.942***	1.719**	1.553***
Internet high use	1.471***	1.469***	1.253*	1.731***	1.588***
Internet medium use	1.535***	1.591***	1.231	1.576***	1.618***
Internet low use	1.517***	1.663***	1.389**	1.230	1.483***
Retired	1.124*	1.256**	1.172	1.322***	1.053
Self-employed	1.292***	1.106	1.382**	1.461**	1.284***
Manager	1.175***	1.254*	1.174	1.098	1.072
White collar	1.156**	0.928	1.345**	1.252	1.152*
Blue collar	1.012	0.881	1.301	0.892	0.958
House keeping	0.945	0.828	1.071	0.829	0.948
House ownership	1.139**	0.980*	1.146	1.276**	1.187**
Car ownership	1.107**	1.149*	0.904	1.108	1.164**
Financial stress	1.125**	0.983	1.143	1.022	1.131***
Survey 2012	0.825
Survey 2013	0.688**
Survey 2015	1.139				1.205***
Registered PDOs and PGIs	1.005	1.012***	1.010***	1.010***	1.010***
Price		0.795***
Food miles			1.613***
Income second quintile				1.000
Income third quintile				1.288***
Income fourth quintile				1.441**
Income upper				1.281***
Social class low					1.015
Social class medium					1.129**
Social class upper					1.137
Constant	0.057***	0.050***	0.036***	0.044***	0.047**
Random effects
Estimated variance of country effect	0.339*	0.266***	0.290***	0.458***	0.404***
Estimated variance of regional effect	0.163***	0.268***	0.248***	0.602***	0.340***
ICC (%)	13.24	13.96	14.05	24.37	18.44
Statistics
Log-likelihood	−40,817.502	−8,945.247	−8,960.361	−8,397.939	−21,343.830
Observations	105,657	25,323	26,515	22,315	52,010
Regions	208	206	208	205	206
Countries	28	27	28	28	28

	Model 1 (all surveys together)	Model 2 (2012 survey)	Model 3 (2013 survey)	Model 4 (2017 survey)	Model 5 (2015 and 2017 surveys)
Fixed effects
Gender	0.974	1.035	0.932	0.867***	0.958
Age_centred	0.995***	0.996**	0.991***	0.993**	0.995***
Age_ centred squared	1.000***	1.000***	1.000**	0.999***	1.000***
Household size	0.973**	0.965	0.953*	1.005	0.973
Rural	0.964	1.130	1.013	1.033	0.877
Small town	1.033	1.039	1.009	1.061	0.963
Single with children	0.922	1.034	1.153	0.962	0.759*
Married no children	1.090***	1.144***	1.165**	0.933	1.028
Married with children	1.023	1.080	1.115	0.943	0.976
Education medium	1.180**	1.329***	1.044	1.053	1.192***
Education high	1.608***	1.532***	1.472***	1.613***	1.732***
Education very high	1.821***	1.782***	1.762***	1.738***	1.827***
Education student	1.690***	1.526***	1.942***	1.719**	1.553***
Internet high use	1.471***	1.469***	1.253*	1.731***	1.588***
Internet medium use	1.535***	1.591***	1.231	1.576***	1.618***
Internet low use	1.517***	1.663***	1.389**	1.230	1.483***
Retired	1.124*	1.256**	1.172	1.322***	1.053
Self-employed	1.292***	1.106	1.382**	1.461**	1.284***
Manager	1.175***	1.254*	1.174	1.098	1.072
White collar	1.156**	0.928	1.345**	1.252	1.152*
Blue collar	1.012	0.881	1.301	0.892	0.958
House keeping	0.945	0.828	1.071	0.829	0.948
House ownership	1.139**	0.980*	1.146	1.276**	1.187**
Car ownership	1.107**	1.149*	0.904	1.108	1.164**
Financial stress	1.125**	0.983	1.143	1.022	1.131***
Survey 2012	0.825
Survey 2013	0.688**
Survey 2015	1.139				1.205***
Registered PDOs and PGIs	1.005	1.012***	1.010***	1.010***	1.010***
Price		0.795***
Food miles			1.613***
Income second quintile				1.000
Income third quintile				1.288***
Income fourth quintile				1.441**
Income upper				1.281***
Social class low					1.015
Social class medium					1.129**
Social class upper					1.137
Constant	0.057***	0.050***	0.036***	0.044***	0.047**
Random effects
Estimated variance of country effect	0.339*	0.266***	0.290***	0.458***	0.404***
Estimated variance of regional effect	0.163***	0.268***	0.248***	0.602***	0.340***
ICC (%)	13.24	13.96	14.05	24.37	18.44
Statistics
Log-likelihood	−40,817.502	−8,945.247	−8,960.361	−8,397.939	−21,343.830
Observations	105,657	25,323	26,515	22,315	52,010
Regions	208	206	208	205	206
Countries	28	27	28	28	28

Note(s): Three, two and one asterisk indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively

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