Methods to ensure trustworthiness of the research process
| Research phases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria | Design | Case selection | Data collection | Content analysis |
| Credibility | Selected the GRI-G4 as the theoretical framework to analyse sustainability reports Adopted the environmental and social sustainability constructs identified in the extant literature | Selected top firms on the Australian Logistics Council Database | Validated data using the data triangulation process Checked reporting data with firms' annual reports and websites | Selected multiple (three authors) coders for coding sustainability reports |
| Transferability | Selected top Australian logistics firms which have the highest marketing revenue | A detailed description of the sample firms while maintaining their confidentiality | Detailed notes of sustainability aspects, indicators and themes included in sustainability reports | Developed a consistent coding scheme to code the sustainability reports |
| Dependability | Case study protocol | The sample frame was selected using the theoretical and purposive sampling approach | Maintained confidentiality of the sample firms | Achieved intercoder agreement* |
| Confirmability | Case study protocol | Carefully selected logistics firms who have disclosed their consecutive sustainability reports | Secured recorded and stored data Digital recordings | Data audited for bias and distortion Validated data using the data triangulation process |
| Research phases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria | Design | Case selection | Data collection | Content analysis |
| Credibility | Selected the GRI-G4 as the theoretical framework to analyse sustainability reports | Selected top firms on the Australian Logistics Council Database | Validated data using the data triangulation process | Selected multiple (three authors) coders for coding sustainability reports |
| Transferability | Selected top Australian logistics firms which have the highest marketing revenue | A detailed description of the sample firms while maintaining their confidentiality | Detailed notes of sustainability aspects, indicators and themes included in sustainability reports | Developed a consistent coding scheme to code the sustainability reports |
| Dependability | Case study protocol | The sample frame was selected using the theoretical and purposive sampling approach | Maintained confidentiality of the sample firms | Achieved intercoder agreement* |
| Confirmability | Case study protocol | Carefully selected logistics firms who have disclosed their consecutive sustainability reports | Secured recorded and stored data | Data audited for bias and distortion |
Note(s): *Three authors analysed sustainability reports of the sample frame using a developed consistent coding scheme and compared their respective coding sheets to increase intercoder reliability, which was 75%, and met the acceptable level of agreement as suggested by Carey et al. (1996). The authors discussed the coding and achieved the 100% agreement
Source(s): Touboulic et al. (2014) and Shah and Corley (2006)
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