Table 4 Hierarchical OLS regressions for... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Hierarchical OLS regressions for testing mediation

Dependent variable	Ambidexterity	Non-financial performance			Financial performance			Lagged accounting data (Ln ROI (t₊₁−t₊₂))
Dependent variable	Ambidexterity	Model A	Model B	Model C	Model A	Model B	Model C	Model A	Model B	Model C
Controls
Firm size	0.031	−0.027	−0.062	−0.046	−0.027	−0.103	−0.091	−0.075	−0.089	−0.081
Technological diversification	0.194*	0.101	0.104	0.018	0.101	0.036	−0.034	0.090	0.088	0.038
Product differentiation	0.138	0.071	−0.047	−0.114	0.071	−0.047	−0.002	−0.120	−0.154^†	−0.190*
International	0.137^†	−0.047	−0.027	−0.089	−0.047	−0.031	−0.089	0.013	0.019	−0.016
Slack resources	0.014	−0.075	−0.079	−0.071	−0.074	−0.092	−0.086	0.063	0.061	0.065
Environmental dynamism	0.057	0.001	0.064	0.036	0.001	0.150	0.129	0.089	0.111	0.096
Environmental competitiveness	0.068	−0.203*	−0.172*	−0.200**	−0.203*	−0.220*	−0.243**	0.001	0.009	−0.008
Technological turbulence	0.156	0.184	0.086	0.013	0.184	0.111	0.055	−0.005	−0.035	−0.075
Independent variables
PMS use (Diag. × Inter.)	0.319***		0.415***	0.270***		0.244***	0.129		0.133	0.051
Ambidexterity (Exploit. × Explor.)				0.462***			0.360**			0.257*
R-square	0.413	0.082	0.228	0.354	0.104	0.155	0.231	0.024	0.039	0.078
ANOVA F	9.37 (9,127)	1.69 (8,127)	5.712 (9,126)***	8.494 (10,125)***	2.371 (8,128)*	3.473 (9,127)**	5.279 (10,126)***	0.62 (8,128)	0.78 (9,127)	1.12 (10,126)
F change test	–	–	23.858 (1,126)***	24.465 (1,125)***	–	7.612 (1,127)**	12.491 (1,126)**	–	1.974 (1,127)	5.282 (1,126)*
N	153	153	153	153	153	153	153	137^a	137^a	137^a

Dependent variable	Ambidexterity	Non-financial performance			Financial performance			Lagged accounting data (Ln ROI (t₊₁−t₊₂))
Dependent variable	Ambidexterity	Model A	Model B	Model C	Model A	Model B	Model C	Model A	Model B	Model C
Controls
Firm size	0.031	−0.027	−0.062	−0.046	−0.027	−0.103	−0.091	−0.075	−0.089	−0.081
Technological diversification	0.194*	0.101	0.104	0.018	0.101	0.036	−0.034	0.090	0.088	0.038
Product differentiation	0.138	0.071	−0.047	−0.114	0.071	−0.047	−0.002	−0.120	−0.154^†	−0.190*
International	0.137^†	−0.047	−0.027	−0.089	−0.047	−0.031	−0.089	0.013	0.019	−0.016
Slack resources	0.014	−0.075	−0.079	−0.071	−0.074	−0.092	−0.086	0.063	0.061	0.065
Environmental dynamism	0.057	0.001	0.064	0.036	0.001	0.150	0.129	0.089	0.111	0.096
Environmental competitiveness	0.068	−0.203*	−0.172*	−0.200**	−0.203*	−0.220*	−0.243**	0.001	0.009	−0.008
Technological turbulence	0.156	0.184	0.086	0.013	0.184	0.111	0.055	−0.005	−0.035	−0.075
Independent variables
PMS use (Diag. × Inter.)	0.319***		0.415***	0.270***		0.244***	0.129		0.133	0.051
Ambidexterity (Exploit. × Explor.)				0.462***			0.360**			0.257*
R-square	0.413	0.082	0.228	0.354	0.104	0.155	0.231	0.024	0.039	0.078
ANOVA F	9.37 (9,127)	1.69 (8,127)	5.712 (9,126)***	8.494 (10,125)***	2.371 (8,128)*	3.473 (9,127)**	5.279 (10,126)***	0.62 (8,128)	0.78 (9,127)	1.12 (10,126)
F change test	–	–	23.858 (1,126)***	24.465 (1,125)***	–	7.612 (1,127)**	12.491 (1,126)**	–	1.974 (1,127)	5.282 (1,126)*
N	153	153	153	153	153	153	153	137^a	137^a	137^a

Note(s): ^a We applied missing value algorithm and imputed 36 missing data on lagged financial performance

^†p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001