Estimation of EKC models for India
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-run | Short-run | Long-run | Short-run | |
| GDPPC | 0.0011*** (0.0003) | 0.0027*** (0.0005) | 0.3823*** (4.1419) | 2.5047*** (4.6648) |
| GDPPC2 | −0.0000 (0.0000) | −0.0000**** (0.0000) | 0.0001** (2.3727) | −0.0044*** (-4.8145) |
| GDPPC3 | −0.0000*** (0.0000) | 0.0000*** (0.0000) | −0.0000*** (−7.1727) | 0.0000*** (4.8327) |
| Crude oil price | −0.0015** (0.0005) | −0.0009*** (0.0002) | −0.1178** (−2.9326) | −0.3190*** (−3.2847) |
| Petroleum consumption | −0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0001** (0.0000) | 0.07482*** (13.2693) | 0.0707*** (6.1319) |
| Trade openness | 0.0057** (0.0024) | 0.0008 (0.0012) | −1.5929*** (−8.3154) | −36.3374*** (−14.0013) |
| FDI | 5.5617*** (5.9571) | −11.5328*** (−4.3841) | ||
| Size of government | 10.2671*** (14.1573) | 27.7889*** (14.0115) | ||
| Break1993 | −0.0057 (0.0053) | −0.0062 (0.0054) | 23.9877*** (11.3482) | 64.9250*** (9.4844) |
| Trend | −0.0099** (0.0031) | −0.0108*** (0.0027) | −2.2457*** (−3.8060) | −6.07817*** (−4.3306) |
| Constant (C) | −0.1404* (0.0715) | −92.0408*** (−4.4271) | ||
| Error correction term | −1.0872*** (0.1539) | −2.7066*** (−15.3902) | ||
| R2 | 0.9972 | 0.9997 | ||
| DW | 2.3409 | 2.2051 | ||
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-run | Short-run | Long-run | Short-run | |
| GDPPC | 0.0011*** (0.0003) | 0.0027*** (0.0005) | 0.3823*** (4.1419) | 2.5047*** (4.6648) |
| GDPPC2 | −0.0000 (0.0000) | −0.0000**** (0.0000) | 0.0001** (2.3727) | −0.0044*** (-4.8145) |
| GDPPC3 | −0.0000*** (0.0000) | 0.0000*** (0.0000) | −0.0000*** (−7.1727) | 0.0000*** (4.8327) |
| Crude oil price | −0.0015** (0.0005) | −0.0009*** (0.0002) | −0.1178** (−2.9326) | −0.3190*** (−3.2847) |
| Petroleum consumption | −0.0000 (0.0000) | 0.0001** (0.0000) | 0.07482*** (13.2693) | 0.0707*** (6.1319) |
| Trade openness | 0.0057** (0.0024) | 0.0008 (0.0012) | −1.5929*** (−8.3154) | −36.3374*** (−14.0013) |
| FDI | 5.5617*** (5.9571) | −11.5328*** (−4.3841) | ||
| Size of government | 10.2671*** (14.1573) | 27.7889*** (14.0115) | ||
| Break1993 | −0.0057 (0.0053) | −0.0062 (0.0054) | 23.9877*** (11.3482) | 64.9250*** (9.4844) |
| Trend | −0.0099** (0.0031) | −0.0108*** (0.0027) | −2.2457*** (−3.8060) | −6.07817*** (−4.3306) |
| Constant (C) | −0.1404* (0.0715) | −92.0408*** (−4.4271) | ||
| Error correction term | −1.0872*** (0.1539) | −2.7066*** (−15.3902) | ||
| 0.9972 | 0.9997 | |||
| DW | 2.3409 | 2.2051 | ||
Note(s): ***, ** and * denote level of significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. Figures in parenthesis represent standard errors
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.