Table 5

Research gap and future research direction based on co-citation analysis

ClusterCurrent researchFuture research suggestions
Cluster 1: The political economy of food standardsExplain how food standards can both promote and hinder agricultural and food global trade (Drogue and Demaria, 2012; Xiong and Beghin, 2014; Li and Beghin, 2014; Fontagn´e et al., 2015; Crivelli and Groeschl, 2016; Disdier et al., 2007; Otsuki et al., 2001; Anders and Caswell, 2009; Marette and Beghin, 2010; Swinnen and Vandemoortele, 2011; Fontagn´e et al., 2015)In depth studies are recommended on the benefits and costs of maximum residue levels (MRLs) and evaluate the MRLs that are socially optimal for the global market and their welfare implications
Recommended cross-country analysis of the status of standard harmonization and mutual recognition of standards between developed and developing countries
Recommended to analyze the impact of reinforced food safety measures on trade for effective food safety systems
Cluster 2: Food standards and their challenges in global tradeDiscusses the impact of stringent food standards and regulation in global trade (Herzfeld et al., 2011; Melo et al., 2014; Ehrich and Mangelsdorf, 2018; Fulponi, 2006; Subervie and Vagneron, 2013; Schuster and Maertens, 2010; Jongwanich, 2009)Much of the research is done at the country level, it is recommended that more food processing companies be studied in low-income countries
It is recommended to comprehensively analyze the impact of food standards from multiple perspectives, e.g. macro level, rural development, quality of local institutions, trade policy and sustainability issues
Cluster 3: Food standards and integration in value chainsElaborates the association between food standards and integration into value chains (Otsuki et al., 2001; Melitz, 200; Blind and Jungmittag, 2005; Maertens and Swinnen, 2009; Bolwig et al., 2009; Chiputwa et al., 2015)It is recommended to explore, compare, and contrast the effectiveness of different models of global value chain integration such as UTZ and organic certification, GlobalGAP, contract farming, etc
Cluster 4: Food standards and market accessDiscusses how food standards hinder market access (Curzi and Olper, 2012; Xiong and Beghin, 2014; Ferro et al., 2015; Beghin et al., 2015; Olper et al., 2014; Fulponi, 2006; Swinnen, 2016)Conduct a comparative analysis of the companies that can meet standards, that divert trade to other destinations and that cannot meet standards for effective policy advice
Analyze the differences in GMO regulations between developed and developing countries in agriculture and related industries
Examine the characteristics of NTM regimes, their protectionist potential and the interface between public and private standards
Investigate whether there are differences in the quality and price of food exports between developed and developing countries
Cluster 5: Food standards and exports from developing countriesElaborates the challenges facing producers from developing countries in accessing foreign markets in terms of standards (Shepherd and Wilson, 2013; Henson and Jaffee, 2008; Czubala et al., 2009; Mangelsdorf et al., 2012; Li and Beghin, 2012; Schuster and Maertens, 2015; Beghin et al., 2015)It is recommended to examine the cross-sectoral variation in standard setting behavior
Explore how private standards and food standards in general affect the export opportunities of low and middle-income countries
It is recommended to examine how standards are used by farmers in developing countries to structurally organize and increase their exports

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