Variables
| Variables | Loading | |
|---|---|---|
| Game elements | Narrative understanding (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009) | |
| NU.1: At points, I had a hard time making sense of what was going on in the programme | 0.714 | |
| NU.2: I had a hard time recognizing the thread of the story | 0.900 | |
| NU.3: It was difficult to understand why the characters reacted to situations as they did | 0.560 | |
| Narrative-stimulated empathy (Busselle and Bilandzic, 2009) | ||
| NE.1: I was worried for some of the characters in the game | 0.731 | |
| NE.2: When a main character succeeded, I felt happy and when they suffered in some way, I felt sad | 0.772 | |
| NE.3: The story affected me emotionally | 0.911 | |
| NE.4: I felt sorry for some of the characters in the game | 0.819 | |
| NE.5: At important moments during the game, I could feel the emotions the characters felt | 0.767 | |
| Perceived aesthetics (Lee and Koubek, 2010) | ||
| PA.1: Overall, I am satisfied with the appearance of this game | 0.825 | |
| PA.2: I feel the design of this game is aesthetic | 0.741 | |
| PA.3: I feel the design of this game is pleasant | 0.791 | |
| PA.4: I feel the design of this game is clear | 0.708 | |
| PA.5: I feel the design of this game is clean | 0.698 | |
| PA.6: I feel the design of this game is systematic | 0.605 | |
| PA.7: I feel the design of this game is creative | 0.606 | |
| PA.8: I feel the design of this game is sophisticated | 0.581 | |
| Flow | Temporal dissociation (Agarwal and Karahannal, 2000) | |
| TD.1: Time appears to go by very quickly during the game | 0.886 | |
| TD.2: Sometimes I lost track of time during the game | 0.880 | |
| TD.3: Time flies during the game | 0.948 | |
| TD.4: Most time during the game, I ended up spending more time than I planned | 0.688 | |
| Focussed immersion (Agarwal and Karahannal, 2000) | ||
| FI.1: During the game, I was able to block out most other distractions | 0.607 | |
| FI.2: During the game, I was absorbed in what I was doing | 0.885 | |
| FI.3: During the game, I was immersed in the task that I was performing | 0.900 | |
| FI.4: During the game, my attention did not get diverted very easily | 0.585 | |
| Outcome | Perceived learning (Barzilai and Blau, 2014) | |
| PL.1: I learned a lot from the game | 0.917 | |
| PL.2: The game added to my knowledge | 0.930 | |
| PL.3: I learned new things from the game | 0.924 | |
| PL.4: The game will help me remember the things I learned | 0.848 | |
| Variables | Loading | |
|---|---|---|
| Game elements | ||
| NU.1: At points, I had a hard time making sense of what was going on in the programme | 0.714 | |
| NU.2: I had a hard time recognizing the thread of the story | 0.900 | |
| NU.3: It was difficult to understand why the characters reacted to situations as they did | 0.560 | |
| NE.1: I was worried for some of the characters in the game | 0.731 | |
| NE.2: When a main character succeeded, I felt happy and when they suffered in some way, I felt sad | 0.772 | |
| NE.3: The story affected me emotionally | 0.911 | |
| NE.4: I felt sorry for some of the characters in the game | 0.819 | |
| NE.5: At important moments during the game, I could feel the emotions the characters felt | 0.767 | |
| PA.1: Overall, I am satisfied with the appearance of this game | 0.825 | |
| PA.2: I feel the design of this game is aesthetic | 0.741 | |
| PA.3: I feel the design of this game is pleasant | 0.791 | |
| PA.4: I feel the design of this game is clear | 0.708 | |
| PA.5: I feel the design of this game is clean | 0.698 | |
| PA.6: I feel the design of this game is systematic | 0.605 | |
| PA.7: I feel the design of this game is creative | 0.606 | |
| PA.8: I feel the design of this game is sophisticated | 0.581 | |
| Flow | ||
| TD.1: Time appears to go by very quickly during the game | 0.886 | |
| TD.2: Sometimes I lost track of time during the game | 0.880 | |
| TD.3: Time flies during the game | 0.948 | |
| TD.4: Most time during the game, I ended up spending more time than I planned | 0.688 | |
| FI.1: During the game, I was able to block out most other distractions | 0.607 | |
| FI.2: During the game, I was absorbed in what I was doing | 0.885 | |
| FI.3: During the game, I was immersed in the task that I was performing | 0.900 | |
| FI.4: During the game, my attention did not get diverted very easily | 0.585 | |
| Outcome | ||
| PL.1: I learned a lot from the game | 0.917 | |
| PL.2: The game added to my knowledge | 0.930 | |
| PL.3: I learned new things from the game | 0.924 | |
| PL.4: The game will help me remember the things I learned | 0.848 | |
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