Table 2 Causal chains affecting offline...

Table 2

Causal chains affecting offline collective action

	Effects (β)	95% confidence interval (bias corrected)
Total indirect effects of connective action on offline collective action
IS → CA	0.180***	[0.094, 0.261]
CI → CA	0.133*	[0.036, 0.237]
CE → CA	0.172***	[0.079, 0.269]
Specific indirect effects of connective action on offline collective action
Social-psychological mediator: perceived injustice (H3)
1: IS → CE → PI → CA	0.031^φ	[0.003, 0.071]
2: CE → PI → CA	0.055^φ	[0.006, 0.120]
Social-psychological mediator: perceived efficacy (H4)
3: IS → CE → PE → CA	0.058*	[0.019, 0.112]
4: IS → CI → CE → PE → CA	0.016*	[0.005, 0.037]
5: CI → CE → PE → CA	0.025*	[0.008, 0.085]
6: CE → PE → CA	0.104**	[0.036, 0.186]
Social-psychological mediator: social identity (H5)
7: IS → CI → SI → CA	0.037*	[0.008, 0.085]
8: CI → SI → CA	0.058*	[0.013, 0.126]

	Effects (β)	95% confidence interval (bias corrected)
Total indirect effects of connective action on offline collective action
IS → CA	0.180***	[0.094, 0.261]
CI → CA	0.133*	[0.036, 0.237]
CE → CA	0.172***	[0.079, 0.269]
Specific indirect effects of connective action on offline collective action
Social-psychological mediator: perceived injustice (H3)
1: IS → CE → PI → CA	0.031^φ	[0.003, 0.071]
2: CE → PI → CA	0.055^φ	[0.006, 0.120]
Social-psychological mediator: perceived efficacy (H4)
3: IS → CE → PE → CA	0.058*	[0.019, 0.112]
4: IS → CI → CE → PE → CA	0.016*	[0.005, 0.037]
5: CI → CE → PE → CA	0.025*	[0.008, 0.085]
6: CE → PE → CA	0.104**	[0.036, 0.186]
Social-psychological mediator: social identity (H5)
7: IS → CI → SI → CA	0.037*	[0.008, 0.085]
8: CI → SI → CA	0.058*	[0.013, 0.126]

Note(s): IS = interactive socialisation, CE = content externalisation, CI = content internalisation, PE = perceived efficacy, PI = perceived injustice, SI = social identity and CA = offline collective action

^φp < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and two-tailed test

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