Table 4 Validity procedures Lens... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Validity procedures

Lens	Procedure	Example from this study
Lens of the researcher	Triangulation	Use of both interviews and activity diaries Use of cross-participant analysis
Lens of the researcher	Disconfirming evidence	As this is a prospective longitudinal study, there was room for the analysis to evolve and categories to change through the different waves
Lens of study participants	Member checking	All study participants made themselves available during transcription and coding to allow the researchers to contact them to ask additional questions and confirm interpretations Three participants were asked to review their own single case when the analysis was complete
Lens of study participants	Prolonged engagement in the field	As this is a longitudinal study, significant time was spent with each participant
Lens of the people external to the study	Chain of Evidence	Chains of evidence allow readers to understand how conclusions were derived from the evidence

Lens	Procedure	Example from this study
Lens of the researcher	Triangulation	Use of both interviews and activity diaries Use of cross-participant analysis
Lens of the researcher	Disconfirming evidence	As this is a prospective longitudinal study, there was room for the analysis to evolve and categories to change through the different waves
Lens of study participants	Member checking	All study participants made themselves available during transcription and coding to allow the researchers to contact them to ask additional questions and confirm interpretations Three participants were asked to review their own single case when the analysis was complete
Lens of study participants	Prolonged engagement in the field	As this is a longitudinal study, significant time was spent with each participant
Lens of the people external to the study	Chain of Evidence	Chains of evidence allow readers to understand how conclusions were derived from the evidence

Source(s): Adapted from: (Creswell and Miller, 2000)