Table V

Random effects model

VariablesDomestic firmsDomestic MNCsForeign affiliates
Panel A: FX exposures
FCD−0.0695***(0.001)−0.1473*(0.093)−0.1336(0.758)
Firm size−0.0317*(0.056)−0.0212(0.873)−0.0108(0.216)
Leverage−0.0156(0.459)−0.0638*(0.056)0.0133*(0.044)
FORSALES0.0335(0.515)0.0391(0.476)0.0164*(0.069)
Diversification indicator0.6151(0.178)−0.0395(0.177)−0.1297(0.973)
GDP per capita−0.0125(0.943)0.0185**(0.049)0.0765***(0.001)
DEPOSITSTOGDP−0.2156***(0.006)−0.0472**(0.020)−0.1971(0.409)
Rule of law−0.0537*(0.078)0.159(0.430)−0.4365(0.878)
Intercept0.2460(0.341)−2.404(0.430)1.494(0.396)
Country dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Industry dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Year dummiesYes Yes Yes 
No of observations2,616 2,859 481 
Panel B: IR exposures
IRD−0.1188*(0.064)−0.1483**(0.041)−0.0151*(0.063)
Firm size−0.0279(0.937)−0.0644**(0.047)−0.0347(0.637)
Leverage−0.0142(0.911)−0.0209**(0.017)−0.0406*(0.064)
FORSALES0.0397**(0.037)0.0110(0.571)0.0388(0.947)
Diversification indicator0.1757(0.860)−0.107(0.253)−0.0287(0.937)
GDP per capita−0.1370**(0.022)−0.876(0.516)−0.0252(0.178)
DEPOSITSTOGDP−0.0606***(0.000)−0.0419***(0.000)−0.0476**(0.028)
Rule of law−0.2718***(0.001)0.453(0.258)−0.3873(0.212)
Intercept9.6163*(0.083)7.3024(0.479)6.953(0.836)
Country dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Industry dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Year dummiesYes Yes Yes 
No of observations2,311 2,604 464 
Panel C: exposures to country risks
DER−0.1104*(0.087)−0.1430***(0.007)0.0417(0.282)
Firm size−0.1238(0.470)−0.0313(0.277)−0.0702*(0.087)
Leverage−0.0346(0.401)0.0449(0.563)−0.0360**(0.016)
FORSALES0.0680*(0.065)0.0108(0.536)0.0698**(0.038)
Diversification indicator−0.2883(0.361)0.0276*(0.033)−0.0955(0.768)
GDP per capita0.568**(0.046)−0.1033(0.457)−0.0395(0.664)
DEPOSITSTOGDP−0.819(0.340)−0.0984**(0.038)−0.0639(0.103)
Rule of law0.4911(0.912)0.1339(0.536)−0.0307(0.167)
Intercept0.2021(0.859)1.6581(0.360)0.3372(0.786)
Country dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Industry dummiesYes Yes Yes 
Year dummiesYes Yes Yes 
No of observations2,007 2,716 473 

Notes: DER is the notional value of any derivative contracts in thousand US$ scaled by total assets. FCD is the notional value of foreign currency derivatives in thousand US$ scaled by total assets. IRD is the notional value of interest rate derivatives in thousand US$ scaled by total assets. This table presents the impacts of derivatives use on exposures across domestic firms, domestic MNCs and foreign affiliates from random effects models split up with regard to exposure to country risks, exchange rate and interest rate risks. The dependent variable are absolute values of exposures to country risks |β2ijt| (panel A), exchange rate risks |β3ijt| (panel B) and interest rate risks |β4ijt| (panel C). All other independent variables definitions are reported in Table II. Standard errors are clustered by country to control for heteroscedasticity and serial correlation. p-values are in parentheses. *,**,***Significant 10, 5 and 1 percent levels, respectively

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