Table 8 Results of cross-sectional...

Table 8

Results of cross-sectional dependence tests

Variables	Breusch-Pagan LM	Pesaran scaled LM	Bias-corrected scaled LM	Pesaran CD
High-income countries
GDP	428.78^***	31.58^***	31.24^***	2.46^***
ICTMob	1070.07^***	87.39^***	87.06^***	32.64^***
ICTNet	1130.06^***	92.61^***	92.28^***	33.59^***
ICTTel	378.19^***	27.17^***	26.84^***	8.78^***
Capital	227.44^***	14.05^***	13.72^***	2.20^***
Labour	997.28^***	81.06^***	80.72^***	26.83^***
FD	548.20^***	41.97^***	41.64^***	6.05^***
Trade	317.62^***	21.90^***	21.57^***	7.34^***
FDI	104.16^***	3.32^***	2.99^***	2.67^***
Middle-income countries
GDP	1438.47^***	108.92^***	108.56^***	37.92^***
ICTMob	1332.84^***	100.47^***	100.11^***	36.44^***
ICTNet	1255.74^***	94.29^***	93.93^***	35.38^***
ICTTel	450.32^***	29.81^***	29.45^***	9.01^***
Capital	334.79^***	20.56^***	20.20^***	4.07^***
Labour	1271.43^***	95.55^***	95.19^***	35.56^***
FD	752.60^***	54.01^***	53.65^***	16.50^***
Trade	414.49^***	26.94^***	26.58^***	3.37^***
FDI	132.00^***	4.32^***	3.96^***	4.94^***

Variables	Breusch-Pagan LM	Pesaran scaled LM	Bias-corrected scaled LM	Pesaran CD
High-income countries
GDP	428.78^***	31.58^***	31.24^***	2.46^***
ICTMob	1070.07^***	87.39^***	87.06^***	32.64^***
ICTNet	1130.06^***	92.61^***	92.28^***	33.59^***
ICTTel	378.19^***	27.17^***	26.84^***	8.78^***
Capital	227.44^***	14.05^***	13.72^***	2.20^***
Labour	997.28^***	81.06^***	80.72^***	26.83^***
FD	548.20^***	41.97^***	41.64^***	6.05^***
Trade	317.62^***	21.90^***	21.57^***	7.34^***
FDI	104.16^***	3.32^***	2.99^***	2.67^***
Middle-income countries
GDP	1438.47^***	108.92^***	108.56^***	37.92^***
ICTMob	1332.84^***	100.47^***	100.11^***	36.44^***
ICTNet	1255.74^***	94.29^***	93.93^***	35.38^***
ICTTel	450.32^***	29.81^***	29.45^***	9.01^***
Capital	334.79^***	20.56^***	20.20^***	4.07^***
Labour	1271.43^***	95.55^***	95.19^***	35.56^***
FD	752.60^***	54.01^***	53.65^***	16.50^***
Trade	414.49^***	26.94^***	26.58^***	3.37^***
FDI	132.00^***	4.32^***	3.96^***	4.94^***

Note(s): ***p < 0.01