Table A1 Measurement items, factor...

Table A1

Measurement items, factor loadings, and model fit indicates

	Key sources for the scale	The following are statements related to your organization, the ways in which top management respond to situations of change, and their ability to respond to change. Please rate the statements using the scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 4 = neither agree nor disagree, 7 = strongly agree	Non-profit firm, Finland (N = 141)	Administrative unit of the Finnish army, Finland (N = 101)
Transparent information sharing	Bachmann et al. (2015), Grover et al. (2014), Kähkönen (2020)	Provide timely information	0.926^a	0.893^a
		Provide honest information	0.932*	0.646*
		Provide adequate information	0.915	–
		CR	0.95	0.75
		AVE	0.85	0.61
Strong management actions	Kähkönen (2020), Pate et al. (2012), Sørensen et al. (2011)	Lead changes well	0.887^a	0.842^a
		Know how to alleviate employees' uncertainty about the future	0.855*	0.850*
		CR	0.86	0.83
		AVE	0.76	0.72
Benevolent personnel policies	Davis et al. (2000), Dietz et al. (2011), Kähkönen (2020)	Manage staff fairly	0.918^a	0.894^a
		Value their employees	0.930*	–
		Take care of the well-being of employees at work	0.864*	0.880*
		CR	0.93	0.88
		AVE	0.82	0.79
Apologies	Kim et al. (2004), Krylova et al. (2016), Kähkönen (2020), Lewicki et al. (2016)	Regret with respect	0.894^a	0.973^a
		Regret in time	0.962*	0.822*
		CR	0.93	0.90
		AVE	0.86	0.81
Constructive behavior	Kähkönen (2020), Petriglieri (2015), Six and Skinner (2010)	Follow good manners	0.744^a	0.840^a
		Are not indifferent	0.902*	0.956*
		CR	0.81	0.89
		AVE	0.68	0.81
Emotional support	Grover et al. (2014), Kähkönen (2020), Pate et al. (2012), Webber et al. (2012)	Listen to me	0.914^a	0.868^a
		Understand my feelings	0.795*	0.738*
		CR	0.85	0.79
		AVE	0.73	0.65
Third-party involvement	Bachmann et al. (2015), Kähkönen (2020), Mueller et al. (2015), Coleman (1990)	Strive to improve management through third-party evaluation (accreditation)	0.803^a	0.771^a
		Provide practical support to staff from external parties	0.863*	0.955*
		CR	0.82	0.86
		AVE	0.70	0.75
Model fit indices		Chi-square (df)	125.37 (83)	72.11 (56)
		p-value	0.00185	0.07237
		RMSEA	0.060	0.054
		GFI	0.899	0.907
		CFI	0.992	0.992
		NNFI	0.989	0.987
		IFI	0.992	0.992

	Key sources for the scale	The following are statements related to your organization, the ways in which top management respond to situations of change, and their ability to respond to change. Please rate the statements using the scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 4 = neither agree nor disagree, 7 = strongly agree	Non-profit firm, Finland (N = 141)	Administrative unit of the Finnish army, Finland (N = 101)
Transparent information sharing	Bachmann et al. (2015), Grover et al. (2014), Kähkönen (2020)	Provide timely information	0.926^a	0.893^a
		Provide honest information	0.932*	0.646*
		Provide adequate information	0.915	–
		CR	0.95	0.75
		AVE	0.85	0.61
Strong management actions	Kähkönen (2020), Pate et al. (2012), Sørensen et al. (2011)	Lead changes well	0.887^a	0.842^a
		Know how to alleviate employees' uncertainty about the future	0.855*	0.850*
		CR	0.86	0.83
		AVE	0.76	0.72
Benevolent personnel policies	Davis et al. (2000), Dietz et al. (2011), Kähkönen (2020)	Manage staff fairly	0.918^a	0.894^a
		Value their employees	0.930*	–
		Take care of the well-being of employees at work	0.864*	0.880*
		CR	0.93	0.88
		AVE	0.82	0.79
Apologies	Kim et al. (2004), Krylova et al. (2016), Kähkönen (2020), Lewicki et al. (2016)	Regret with respect	0.894^a	0.973^a
		Regret in time	0.962*	0.822*
		CR	0.93	0.90
		AVE	0.86	0.81
Constructive behavior	Kähkönen (2020), Petriglieri (2015), Six and Skinner (2010)	Follow good manners	0.744^a	0.840^a
		Are not indifferent	0.902*	0.956*
		CR	0.81	0.89
		AVE	0.68	0.81
Emotional support	Grover et al. (2014), Kähkönen (2020), Pate et al. (2012), Webber et al. (2012)	Listen to me	0.914^a	0.868^a
		Understand my feelings	0.795*	0.738*
		CR	0.85	0.79
		AVE	0.73	0.65
Third-party involvement	Bachmann et al. (2015), Kähkönen (2020), Mueller et al. (2015), Coleman (1990)	Strive to improve management through third-party evaluation (accreditation)	0.803^a	0.771^a
		Provide practical support to staff from external parties	0.863*	0.955*
		CR	0.82	0.86
		AVE	0.70	0.75
Model fit indices		Chi-square (df)	125.37 (83)	72.11 (56)
		p-value	0.00185	0.07237
		RMSEA	0.060	0.054
		GFI	0.899	0.907
		CFI	0.992	0.992
		NNFI	0.989	0.987
		IFI	0.992	0.992

Note(s): *Statistically significant at 0.01 significance level; ^asignificance level is not available because the coefficient is fixed at 1

Source(s): Relevant ETRS after purification

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