The descriptive statistics for participants’ responses to the PIPS survey – five-factor model analysis
| Factor | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Factor 1: student–student interaction | ||
| P10. I structure class so that students explore or discuss their understanding of new concepts before formal instruction | 2.51 | 1.03 |
| P12. I structure class so that students regularly talk with one another about course concepts | 2.77 | 1.02 |
| P13. I structure class so that students constructively criticize one another’s ideas | 2.06 | 1.07 |
| P14. I structure class so that students discuss the difficulties they have with this subject with other students | 2.06 | 1.11 |
| Grand mean of factor 1 | 2.18 | 0.82 |
| Factor 2: content delivery practices | ||
| P01. I guide students through major topics as they listen and take notes | 2.89 | 0.99 |
| P03. My syllabus contains the specific topics that will be covered in every class session | 3.58 | 0.77 |
| P05. I structure my course with the assumption that most of the students have little useful knowledge of the topics | 2.89 | 0.94 |
| P11. My class sessions are structured to give students a good set of notes | 3.18 | 0.83 |
| Grand mean of factor 2 | 3.14 | 0.55 |
| Factor 3: formative assessment | ||
| P06. I use student assessment results to guide the direction of my instruction during the semester | 2.98 | 0.86 |
| P08. I use student questions and comments to determine the focus and direction of classroom discussion | 2.95 | 0.86 |
| P18. I give students frequent assignments worth a small portion of their grade | 2.7 | 1.22 |
| P20. I provide feedback on student assignments without assigning a formal grade | 1.82 | 1.33 |
| Grand mean of factor 3 | 2.62 | 0.69 |
| Factor 4: student–content engagement | ||
| P02. I design activities that connect course content to my students’ lives and future work | 3.11 | 0.95 |
| P07. I frequently ask students to respond to questions during class time | 3.49 | 0.77 |
| P09. I have students use a variety of means (models, drawings, graphs, symbols, simulations, etc.) to represent phenomena | 2.92 | 1.04 |
| P16. I structure problems so that students consider multiple approaches to finding a solution | 2.94 | 0.88 |
| P17. I provide time for students to reflect about the processes they use to solve problems | 2.88 | 0.87 |
| Grand mean of factor 4 | 3.07 | 0.53 |
| Factor 5: summative assessment | ||
| P21. My test questions focus on important facts and definitions from the course | 3.03 | 1.00 |
| P22. My test questions require students to apply course concepts to unfamiliar situations | 2.58 | 1.16 |
| P23. My test questions contain well-defined problems with one correct solution | 2.91 | 1.13 |
| P24. I adjust student scores (e.g. curve) when necessary to reflect a proper distribution of grades | 0.89 | 1.19 |
| The new grand mean of factor 5, excluding P24 | 2.84 | 0.8 |
| Factor | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| P10. I structure class so that students explore or discuss their understanding of new concepts before formal instruction | 2.51 | 1.03 |
| P12. I structure class so that students regularly talk with one another about course concepts | 2.77 | 1.02 |
| P13. I structure class so that students constructively criticize one another’s ideas | 2.06 | 1.07 |
| P14. I structure class so that students discuss the difficulties they have with this subject with other students | 2.06 | 1.11 |
| Grand mean of factor 1 | 2.18 | 0.82 |
| P01. I guide students through major topics as they listen and take notes | 2.89 | 0.99 |
| P03. My syllabus contains the specific topics that will be covered in every class session | 3.58 | 0.77 |
| P05. I structure my course with the assumption that most of the students have little useful knowledge of the topics | 2.89 | 0.94 |
| P11. My class sessions are structured to give students a good set of notes | 3.18 | 0.83 |
| Grand mean of factor 2 | 3.14 | 0.55 |
| P06. I use student assessment results to guide the direction of my instruction during the semester | 2.98 | 0.86 |
| P08. I use student questions and comments to determine the focus and direction of classroom discussion | 2.95 | 0.86 |
| P18. I give students frequent assignments worth a small portion of their grade | 2.7 | 1.22 |
| P20. I provide feedback on student assignments without assigning a formal grade | 1.82 | 1.33 |
| Grand mean of factor 3 | 2.62 | 0.69 |
| P02. I design activities that connect course content to my students’ lives and future work | 3.11 | 0.95 |
| P07. I frequently ask students to respond to questions during class time | 3.49 | 0.77 |
| P09. I have students use a variety of means (models, drawings, graphs, symbols, simulations, etc.) to represent phenomena | 2.92 | 1.04 |
| P16. I structure problems so that students consider multiple approaches to finding a solution | 2.94 | 0.88 |
| P17. I provide time for students to reflect about the processes they use to solve problems | 2.88 | 0.87 |
| Grand mean of factor 4 | 3.07 | 0.53 |
| P21. My test questions focus on important facts and definitions from the course | 3.03 | 1.00 |
| P22. My test questions require students to apply course concepts to unfamiliar situations | 2.58 | 1.16 |
| P23. My test questions contain well-defined problems with one correct solution | 2.91 | 1.13 |
| P24. I adjust student scores (e.g. curve) when necessary to reflect a proper distribution of grades | 0.89 | 1.19 |
| The new grand mean of factor 5, excluding P24 | 2.84 | 0.8 |
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Please sign in to your personal account to gift article access.
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Gift articles remaining: --
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses. You may create up to 10 links in a 30 day period.
Gift articles remaining: --
As a benefit of your subscription, you can share temporary access to restricted articles.
Each link will stop working after 30 days or 10 uses.
You have reached the limit of 10 links within a 30 day period.
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.