Table 3 Social protection and household...

Table 3

Social protection and household welfare – negative binomial results

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	NB	NB	NB	NB	NB	NB
COVID-19 grant/social relief of distress grant	0.0200**	0.0206**	0.00249	0.00585	0.00913	0.00934
COVID-19 grant/social relief of distress grant	(0.0146)	(0.0168)	(0.0265)	(0.0268)	(0.0267)	(0.0267)
Unemployment insurance	0.0643*	0.0534	0.0442***	0.0257	0.0645***	0.08216**
Unemployment insurance	(0.0373)	(0.0434)	(0.0132)	(0.0237)	(0.0133)	(0.0437)
Tax relief	0.0629***	0.0615**	0.0556**	0.0646***	0.0484*	0.0457*
Tax relief	(0.0230)	(0.0240)	(0.0239)	(0.0247)	(0.0251)	(0.0251)
Job protection and creation	0.0944***	0.112***	0.106***	0.118***	0.0853***	0.0383***
Job protection and creation	(0.0191)	(0.0214)	(0.0230)	(0.0240)	(0.0277)	(0.0129)
B. Credit guarantee scheme	0.200	0.0553	0.0637	0.0717	0.0127	0.0147
B. Credit guarantee scheme	(0.164)	(0.198)	(0.199)	(0.198)	(0.182)	(0.180)
Ln hectares		0.0238***	0.0230***	0.0241***	0.0243***	0.0247***
Ln hectares		(0.00519)	(0.00501)	(0.00520)	(0.00508)	(0.00499)
No. of people employed			0.0236**	0.0227**	0.0197**	0.0185**
No. of people employed			(0.00991)	(0.00957)	(0.00848)	(0.00788)
Remittances				0.0786**	0.0770**	0.0678**
Remittances				(0.0330)	(0.0335)	(0.0321)
Some primary					−0.00786	−0.00849
Some primary					(0.0558)	(0.0560)
Completed primary					0.00452	−0.00140
Completed primary					(0.0540)	(0.0542)
Completed high school					0.0298	0.0224
Completed high school					(0.0358)	(0.0359)
Certificate/diploma/degree					0.0652*	0.0560
Certificate/diploma/degree					(0.0365)	(0.0365)
Postgraduate					0.112**	0.108**
Postgraduate					(0.0469)	(0.0471)
Gender						0.105*
Gender						(0.0554)
Very low-income class						0.990***
Very low-income class						(0.084)
Low-income class						−0.692
Low-income class						(0.780)
Lower middle-income class						−1.031
Lower middle-income class						(0.644)
Upper middle-income class						0.0940***
Upper middle-income class						(0.028)
High-income class						0.394***
High-income class						(0.066)
Constant	1.004***	0.987***	0.957***	0.947***	0.919***	0.923***
Constant	(0.0191)	(0.0214)	(0.0250)	(0.0258)	(0.0396)	(0.0393)
Observations	393	393	393	393	393	393
GOF	0.0271	0.0183	0.0482	0.0337	0.0114	0.0382
Hatsq	0.2481	0.8835	0.3182	0.6718	0.5283	0.2960
LR χ² (Prob > χ²)	982.82***	125.63***	83.30***	95.17***	102.33***	98.27***
McFadden R²	0.1162	0.205	0.572	0.579	0.604	0.658

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	NB	NB	NB	NB	NB	NB
COVID-19 grant/social relief of distress grant	0.0200**	0.0206**	0.00249	0.00585	0.00913	0.00934
COVID-19 grant/social relief of distress grant	(0.0146)	(0.0168)	(0.0265)	(0.0268)	(0.0267)	(0.0267)
Unemployment insurance	0.0643*	0.0534	0.0442***	0.0257	0.0645***	0.08216**
Unemployment insurance	(0.0373)	(0.0434)	(0.0132)	(0.0237)	(0.0133)	(0.0437)
Tax relief	0.0629***	0.0615**	0.0556**	0.0646***	0.0484*	0.0457*
Tax relief	(0.0230)	(0.0240)	(0.0239)	(0.0247)	(0.0251)	(0.0251)
Job protection and creation	0.0944***	0.112***	0.106***	0.118***	0.0853***	0.0383***
Job protection and creation	(0.0191)	(0.0214)	(0.0230)	(0.0240)	(0.0277)	(0.0129)
B. Credit guarantee scheme	0.200	0.0553	0.0637	0.0717	0.0127	0.0147
B. Credit guarantee scheme	(0.164)	(0.198)	(0.199)	(0.198)	(0.182)	(0.180)
Ln hectares		0.0238***	0.0230***	0.0241***	0.0243***	0.0247***
Ln hectares		(0.00519)	(0.00501)	(0.00520)	(0.00508)	(0.00499)
No. of people employed			0.0236**	0.0227**	0.0197**	0.0185**
No. of people employed			(0.00991)	(0.00957)	(0.00848)	(0.00788)
Remittances				0.0786**	0.0770**	0.0678**
Remittances				(0.0330)	(0.0335)	(0.0321)
Some primary					−0.00786	−0.00849
Some primary					(0.0558)	(0.0560)
Completed primary					0.00452	−0.00140
Completed primary					(0.0540)	(0.0542)
Completed high school					0.0298	0.0224
Completed high school					(0.0358)	(0.0359)
Certificate/diploma/degree					0.0652*	0.0560
Certificate/diploma/degree					(0.0365)	(0.0365)
Postgraduate					0.112**	0.108**
Postgraduate					(0.0469)	(0.0471)
Gender						0.105*
Gender						(0.0554)
Very low-income class						0.990***
Very low-income class						(0.084)
Low-income class						−0.692
Low-income class						(0.780)
Lower middle-income class						−1.031
Lower middle-income class						(0.644)
Upper middle-income class						0.0940***
Upper middle-income class						(0.028)
High-income class						0.394***
High-income class						(0.066)
Constant	1.004***	0.987***	0.957***	0.947***	0.919***	0.923***
Constant	(0.0191)	(0.0214)	(0.0250)	(0.0258)	(0.0396)	(0.0393)
Observations	393	393	393	393	393	393
GOF	0.0271	0.0183	0.0482	0.0337	0.0114	0.0382
Hatsq	0.2481	0.8835	0.3182	0.6718	0.5283	0.2960
LR χ² (Prob > χ²)	982.82***	125.63***	83.30***	95.17***	102.33***	98.27***
McFadden R²	0.1162	0.205	0.572	0.579	0.604	0.658

Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1

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