Table 4 Institutional quality threshold...

Table 4

Institutional quality threshold and marginal effect

Marginal effects $γ = β_{1}$ + $β_{3}$ × ${I N S}_{i t}$				Model A.2		Model A.3		Model A.4
				$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$	$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$	$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$
				$0.162$	$-$ 0.248	$0.064$	$-$ 0.079	$0.036$	$-$ 0.052
	EF	DR	FR	Threshold
Benin	0.011	0.010	−0.004	0.65		0.81		0.70
Botswana	−0.018	0.001	−0.001	Countries that are above the threshold
Burkina Faso	0.015	0.038	0.011	Botswana		Kenya		Benin
Cameroon	0.018	0.056	0.028	The Gambia		Lesotho		Botswana
Congo, Rep.	0.042	0.064	0.024	Ghana		Mauritius
Cote d'Ivoire	0.018	0.043	0.022	Kenya		South Africa		Ghana
Eswatini	0.005	0.064	0.029	Liberia				Mauritius
Gabon	0.021	0.043	0.023	Mauritius				Namibia
The Gambia	−0.013	0.060	0.021	Namibia				South Africa
Ghana	−0.004	0.001	−0.008	Rwanda
Guinea	0.032	0.043	0.022	Seychelles
Guinea-Bissau	0.032	0.019	0.016	South Africa
Kenya	−0.013	−0.001	0.009	Uganda
Lesotho	0.004	−0.003	0.002
Liberia	−0.010	0.020	0.025
Madagascar	0.008	0.020	0.011
Mali	0.016	0.016	0.007
Mauritius	−0.032	−0.015	−0.009
Mozambique	0.022	0.021	0.009
Namibia	−0.002	0.017	−0.003
Niger	0.023	0.016	0.009
Nigeria	0.003	0.024	0.013
Rwanda	−0.009	0.064	0.026
Senegal	0.015	0.007	0.000
Seychelles	−0.020	0.016	0.004
Sierra Leone	0.013	0.006	0.005
South Africa	−0.007	−0.007	−0.005
Tanzania	0.000	0.044	0.007
Togo	0.017	0.056	0.017
Uganda	−0.020	0.057	0.019

Marginal effects $γ = β_{1}$ + $β_{3}$ × ${I N S}_{i t}$				Model A.2		Model A.3		Model A.4
				$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$	$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$	$β_{1}$	$β_{3}$
				$0.162$	$-$ 0.248	$0.064$	$-$ 0.079	$0.036$	$-$ 0.052
	EF	DR	FR	Threshold
Benin	0.011	0.010	−0.004	0.65		0.81		0.70
Botswana	−0.018	0.001	−0.001	Countries that are above the threshold
Burkina Faso	0.015	0.038	0.011	Botswana		Kenya		Benin
Cameroon	0.018	0.056	0.028	The Gambia		Lesotho		Botswana
Congo, Rep.	0.042	0.064	0.024	Ghana		Mauritius
Cote d'Ivoire	0.018	0.043	0.022	Kenya		South Africa		Ghana
Eswatini	0.005	0.064	0.029	Liberia				Mauritius
Gabon	0.021	0.043	0.023	Mauritius				Namibia
The Gambia	−0.013	0.060	0.021	Namibia				South Africa
Ghana	−0.004	0.001	−0.008	Rwanda
Guinea	0.032	0.043	0.022	Seychelles
Guinea-Bissau	0.032	0.019	0.016	South Africa
Kenya	−0.013	−0.001	0.009	Uganda
Lesotho	0.004	−0.003	0.002
Liberia	−0.010	0.020	0.025
Madagascar	0.008	0.020	0.011
Mali	0.016	0.016	0.007
Mauritius	−0.032	−0.015	−0.009
Mozambique	0.022	0.021	0.009
Namibia	−0.002	0.017	−0.003
Niger	0.023	0.016	0.009
Nigeria	0.003	0.024	0.013
Rwanda	−0.009	0.064	0.026
Senegal	0.015	0.007	0.000
Seychelles	−0.020	0.016	0.004
Sierra Leone	0.013	0.006	0.005
South Africa	−0.007	−0.007	−0.005
Tanzania	0.000	0.044	0.007
Togo	0.017	0.056	0.017
Uganda	−0.020	0.057	0.019

Source(s): Authors' computations

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