Table V

2SLS regression analysis including corporate governance

Model 1Model 2
VariablesCoefficientz-valueCoefficientz-value
Constant−3.0901−11.08***−1.5320−10.79***
LNDOˆM−0.0191−2.06**−0.0116−2.42**
NCSK10.05683.88***  
DUV1  0.06274.09***
DTurn−1.2086−1.10−0.3689−0.68
RET13.31622.59***6.22622.43**
MTB0.01543.11***0.00853.50***
SIZE0.12709.25***0.06389.03***
SIGMAR0.91581.180.09710.25
LEV−0.1652−1.46−0.1181−2.05**
ROA−0.1918−1.38−0.0887−1.30
ASACC−0.0447−0.78−0.0084−0.37
CGIP−0.0058−0.32−0.0054−0.59
Industry Fixed EffectYesYes
Year Fixed EffectYesYes
N4,8904,890
R20.09940.1036

Notes: The table presents the 2SLS results of the effect of D&O insurance coverage on stock price crash risk. Dependent variables: NCSK and DUV are the crash risk measures of firm i in year t in Models 1 and 2, respectively. Independent variables: LNDOˆM is the predicted LNDOM of Equation (5) of firm i in year t−1. NCSK1 is the crash risk measure of firm i in year t−1. DUV1 is the crash risk measure of firm i in year t−1. DTurn is the change in monthly share turnover of firm i in year t−1. RET is the average firm-specific weekly return of firm i in year t−1. MTB is the market-to-book-value ratio of firm i in year t−1. SIZE is the natural logarithm of the market value of equity of firm i in year t−1. SIGMAR is calculated as the standard deviation of the firm-specific weekly returns of firm i in year t−1. LEV is calculated as the total long-term debt to total asset ratio of firm i in year t−1. ROA is the return on assets of firm i in year t−1. ABACC is the absolute value of the abnormal accruals of firm i in year t−1. CGIP is the corporate governance index of the firm i in year t−1. Year Fixed Effect is a set of year dummy variables. Industry Fixed Effect is a set of industrial dummy variables. This study applies the Arellano and Bond’s (1991) approach to obtain robust standard errors and then computes the z-values. **,***Significant at the 5 and 1 percent levels, respectively

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