Table 5

Empirical variables

VariablesDefining variables
1. Key explanatory and control variables
ocioOCIO dummy variable (1 if fund adopts OCIO or 0)
tot_amtTotal Fund Size (KRW billion)
long_wtShare of medium- and long-term assets (%)
sf_wtMaximum percentage of assets at risk when applying the Shortfall Risk limit (%)
2. The dependent variable
returnAsset allocation plan for the target year (%)
volStandard deviation (%) for the target year with the asset allocation plan
sharpeSharpe Ratio for a target year with an asset allocation plan
3. Dependent variable: score of each fund per indicator in the (unconstrained) randomized portfolio
return_rnkReturn % ranking score of funds in the randomized portfolio (the higher the score, the better the return)
vol_rnkStandard deviation of funds in the random portfolio %Rank score (higher, lower risk)
sharpe_rnkSharpe Ratio of Funds in Random Portfolio %Rank Score
4. Dependent variable: score of the fund per indicator in the (constrained) randomized portfolio
return_rnk_sfReturn % ranking score of funds in the randomized portfolio (the higher the score, the better the return)
vol_rnk_sfStandard deviation of funds in the random portfolio %Rank score (higher, lower risk)
sharpe_rnk_sfSharpe Ratio of Funds in Random Portfolio %Rank Score
5. Dependent variable: Fund's evaluation outcome rating (outstanding/excellent/good/moderate/weak/very weak)
test_0_flagFundraising Overall Rating
test_1_flagRating of the “System” portion of the Fund's evaluation (decision-making structure and organization)
test_2_flagRating the “policy” portion of the fund evaluation (related to asset allocation, risk, etc.)
test_3_flagRating the “Enforcement” portion of the fund assessment (related to TAA, risk management and performance evaluation)

Source(s): Author's work (This table reports the definitions of variables we use in this study.)

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options