Effects of financial inclusion on agricultural productivity – fixed effects estimation
| Dependent variable: Agricultural productivity (real net crop income per hectare) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Financial inclusion (ACCESS) | 0.148*** (0.0402) | 0.126*** (0.0415) | ||||
| Financial inclusion (SAVE) | 0.109** (0.0405) | 0.0868* (0.0507) | ||||
| Financial inclusion (BORROW) | 0.230*** (0.0605) | 0.194*** (0.0626) | ||||
| Household net worth | −0.0276* (0.0142) | −0.0296** (0.0143) | −0.0233 (0.0147) | |||
| Household consumption | 0.164*** (0.0480) | 0.173*** (0.0513) | 0.179*** (0.0488) | |||
| Household size | 0.00289 (0.00663) | 0.00302 (0.00667) | 0.00243 (0.00667) | |||
| Urban dweller | −0.0486 (0.0756) | −0.0487 (0.0756) | −0.0400 (0.0743) | |||
| Islam adherent | −0.0723 (0.0495) | −0.0752 (0.0494) | −0.0752 (0.0511) | |||
| Traditional adherent | −0.135 (0.139) | −0.134 (0.144) | −0.136 (0.139) | |||
| Remittance received | 0.0731 (0.0771) | 0.0741 (0.0776) | 0.0809 (0.0798) | |||
| Household head age | 0.00148 (0.00116) | 0.00155 (0.00121) | 0.00167 (0.00119) | |||
| Household head is female | −0.126** (0.0473) | −0.123** (0.0478) | −0.120** (0.0477) | |||
| Household head education: years | −0.0152*** (0.00522) | −0.0144** (0.00537) | −0.0134** (0.00496) | |||
| Herbicide use | 0.0131 (0.0471) | 0.0187 (0.0481) | 0.00957 (0.0456) | |||
| Pesticide use | 0.0697 (0.0431) | 0.0709 (0.0433) | 0.0663 (0.0423) | |||
| Fertiliser use | 0.0335 (0.0470) | 0.0359 (0.0466) | 0.0358 (0.0460) | |||
| Constant | 12.16*** (0.0127) | 10.48*** (0.535) | 12.18*** (0.00992) | 10.40*** (0.587) | 12.19*** (0.00548) | 10.24*** (0.541) |
| Observations | 7,183 | 6,906 | 7,183 | 6,906 | 7,183 | 6,906 |
| R-squared | 0.004 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.004 | 0.024 |
| Number of state | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
| Dependent variable: Agricultural productivity (real net crop income per hectare) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Financial inclusion (ACCESS) | 0.148*** (0.0402) | 0.126*** (0.0415) | ||||
| Financial inclusion (SAVE) | 0.109** (0.0405) | 0.0868* (0.0507) | ||||
| Financial inclusion (BORROW) | 0.230*** (0.0605) | 0.194*** (0.0626) | ||||
| Household net worth | −0.0276* (0.0142) | −0.0296** (0.0143) | −0.0233 (0.0147) | |||
| Household consumption | 0.164*** (0.0480) | 0.173*** (0.0513) | 0.179*** (0.0488) | |||
| Household size | 0.00289 (0.00663) | 0.00302 (0.00667) | 0.00243 (0.00667) | |||
| Urban dweller | −0.0486 (0.0756) | −0.0487 (0.0756) | −0.0400 (0.0743) | |||
| Islam adherent | −0.0723 (0.0495) | −0.0752 (0.0494) | −0.0752 (0.0511) | |||
| Traditional adherent | −0.135 (0.139) | −0.134 (0.144) | −0.136 (0.139) | |||
| Remittance received | 0.0731 (0.0771) | 0.0741 (0.0776) | 0.0809 (0.0798) | |||
| Household head age | 0.00148 (0.00116) | 0.00155 (0.00121) | 0.00167 (0.00119) | |||
| Household head is female | −0.126** (0.0473) | −0.123** (0.0478) | −0.120** (0.0477) | |||
| Household head education: years | −0.0152*** (0.00522) | −0.0144** (0.00537) | −0.0134** (0.00496) | |||
| Herbicide use | 0.0131 (0.0471) | 0.0187 (0.0481) | 0.00957 (0.0456) | |||
| Pesticide use | 0.0697 (0.0431) | 0.0709 (0.0433) | 0.0663 (0.0423) | |||
| Fertiliser use | 0.0335 (0.0470) | 0.0359 (0.0466) | 0.0358 (0.0460) | |||
| Constant | 12.16*** (0.0127) | 10.48*** (0.535) | 12.18*** (0.00992) | 10.40*** (0.587) | 12.19*** (0.00548) | 10.24*** (0.541) |
| Observations | 7,183 | 6,906 | 7,183 | 6,906 | 7,183 | 6,906 |
| 0.004 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.004 | 0.024 | |
| Number of state | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses, *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
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