Table 2 Average hourly wage and...

Table 2

Average hourly wage and proportion of females by selected criteria

	2010			2016
	Obs	Hourly wage	% female	Obs	Hourly wage	% female
Household role
Head	2,775	16.28	20.76	2,921	30.82	17.84
Member	4,786	14.03	51.02	5,587	28.46	54.00
Living area
Urban	2,912	19.45	43.54	3,373	35.05	43.97
Rural	4,649	11.98	37.64	5,135	25.47	40.02
Education level
None	746	10.02	40.62	768	20.67	37.89
Primary school	1,543	10.74	37.20	1,646	22.53	36.39
Middle school	1,922	11.62	33.04	2,098	24.22	37.23
High school	1,846	15.53	43.07	1,959	29.55	40.53
College and higher	1,504	24.78	47.27	2,037	42.89	52.68
Economic sector
Non-state	4,932	12.14	34.94	5,636	25.58	36.00
State	2,173	20.30	45.84	2,036	38.51	46.56
FDI	456	18.22	65.57	836	31.66	67.11
Industry
Agriculture	183	10.67	15.30	272	22.62	20.22
Industry and construction	3,468	13.14	34.83	3,998	26.80	38.27
Service	3,910	16.57	45.58	4,238	32.03	46.08
Occupation
Unskilled workers	2,262	9.80	42.09	2,214	20.22	40.74
Leaders	235	23.81	23.40	231	52.53	20.78
Top-level professionals	847	28.96	47.58	1,004	47.82	55.58
Mid-level professionals	733	20.66	61.53	604	37.86	59.11
Staff	310	14.42	51.94	384	30.34	53.39
Skilled workers in service	583	11.57	44.94	790	23.41	45.06
Skilled workers in agriculture	123	16.17	26.83	145	24.75	30.34
Skilled workers in industry and construction	1,730	11.61	28.67	2,001	25.64	29.64
Assemblers and machine operators	684	15.23	29.68	1,063	29.26	44.03
Army	54	22.13	3.70	72	71.01	9.72
Region
Red River Delta	–	–	–	2,054	33.32	43.18
Northern Midland and Mountainous	–	–	–	1,208	29.84	39.82
North Central and Central Coast	–	–	–	2,181	28.93	39.89
Central Highlands	–	–	–	286	24.83	44.41
Southeast	–	–	–	1,005	31.36	43.78
Mekong River Delta	–	–	–	1,774	24.14	41.32

	2010			2016
	Obs	Hourly wage	% female	Obs	Hourly wage	% female
Household role
Head	2,775	16.28	20.76	2,921	30.82	17.84
Member	4,786	14.03	51.02	5,587	28.46	54.00
Living area
Urban	2,912	19.45	43.54	3,373	35.05	43.97
Rural	4,649	11.98	37.64	5,135	25.47	40.02
Education level
None	746	10.02	40.62	768	20.67	37.89
Primary school	1,543	10.74	37.20	1,646	22.53	36.39
Middle school	1,922	11.62	33.04	2,098	24.22	37.23
High school	1,846	15.53	43.07	1,959	29.55	40.53
College and higher	1,504	24.78	47.27	2,037	42.89	52.68
Economic sector
Non-state	4,932	12.14	34.94	5,636	25.58	36.00
State	2,173	20.30	45.84	2,036	38.51	46.56
FDI	456	18.22	65.57	836	31.66	67.11
Industry
Agriculture	183	10.67	15.30	272	22.62	20.22
Industry and construction	3,468	13.14	34.83	3,998	26.80	38.27
Service	3,910	16.57	45.58	4,238	32.03	46.08
Occupation
Unskilled workers	2,262	9.80	42.09	2,214	20.22	40.74
Leaders	235	23.81	23.40	231	52.53	20.78
Top-level professionals	847	28.96	47.58	1,004	47.82	55.58
Mid-level professionals	733	20.66	61.53	604	37.86	59.11
Staff	310	14.42	51.94	384	30.34	53.39
Skilled workers in service	583	11.57	44.94	790	23.41	45.06
Skilled workers in agriculture	123	16.17	26.83	145	24.75	30.34
Skilled workers in industry and construction	1,730	11.61	28.67	2,001	25.64	29.64
Assemblers and machine operators	684	15.23	29.68	1,063	29.26	44.03
Army	54	22.13	3.70	72	71.01	9.72
Region
Red River Delta	–	–	–	2,054	33.32	43.18
Northern Midland and Mountainous	–	–	–	1,208	29.84	39.82
North Central and Central Coast	–	–	–	2,181	28.93	39.89
Central Highlands	–	–	–	286	24.83	44.41
Southeast	–	–	–	1,005	31.36	43.78
Mekong River Delta	–	–	–	1,774	24.14	41.32

Note(s): Data on regions where individuals were from in the VHLSS data set in 2010 are not sufficient for calculation

Source(s): Authors' calculation using data from VHLSS 2010 and 2016

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