Table 7 The PSM results across different...

Table 7

The PSM results across different subsamples in 2016

Sample	Treated	Controls	Difference	S.E.	T-stat	Observations
Sample	Treated	Controls	Difference	S.E.	T-stat	Untreated (male)	Treated (female)
Sample divided by marital status
(a) Married
Unmatched	10.0441	10.1346	−0.0905	0.0129	−7.03	4,939	3,512
ATET	10.0441	10.1666	−0.1225***	0.0215	−5.7	4,939	3,512
(b) Unmarried
Unmatched	9.2639	9.4174	−0.1536	0.1591	−0.97	28	23
ATET	9.2639	8.8857	0.3782	0.4610	0.82	28	23
Sample divided by family role
(a) Head
Unmatched	10.0283	10.1567	−0.1284	0.0283	−4.54	2,379	521
ATET	10.0283	10.2056	−0.1774***	0.0500	−3.55	2,379	521
(b) Not head
Unmatched	10.0404	10.0993	−0.0590	0.0156	−3.78	2,570	3,017
ATET	10.0404	10.1703	−0.1299***	0.0245	−5.29	2,570	3,017
Sample divided by living area
(a) Urban
Unmatched	10.1961	10.3007	−0.1047	0.0209	−5.01	1,890	1,483
ATET	10.1961	10.3218	−0.1257***	0.0362	−3.47	1,890	1,483
(b) Rural
Unmatched	9.9249	10.0254	−0.1005	0.0156	−6.44	3,080	2,055
ATET	9.9249	10.0638	−0.1388***	0.0281	−4.95	3,080	2,055
Sample divided by ethnicity
(a) Kinh people
Unmatched	10.0512	10.1669	−0.1156	0.0134	−8.64	4,341	3,180
ATET	10.0512	10.1786	−0.1274***	0.0245	−5.2	4,341	3,180
(b) Ethnic minorities
Unmatched	9.9262	9.8712	0.0551	0.0418	1.32	623	358
ATET	9.9262	9.9998	−0.0736	0.0815	−0.9	623	358
Sample divided by educational level
(a) None
Unmatched	9.6424	9.8944	−0.2521	0.0396	−6.36	476	291
ATET	9.6424	9.8329	−0.1905**	0.0811	−2.35	476	291
(b) Primary school
Unmatched	9.7700	9.9749	−0.2048	0.0258	−7.93	1,044	599
ATET	9.7700	9.9283	−0.1583***	0.0433	−3.65	1,044	599
(c) Middle school
Unmatched	9.9135	10.0169	−0.1034	0.0215	−4.82	1,312	781
ATET	9.9135	10.0085	−0.0950**	0.0411	−2.31	1,312	781
(d) High school
Unmatched	10.0810	10.1666	−0.0855	0.0246	−3.48	1,165	794
ATET	10.0810	10.1680	−0.0870**	0.0373	−2.33	1,165	794
(e) College and higher
Unmatched	10.3556	10.5295	−0.1739	0.0281	−6.2	964	1,073
ATET	10.3556	10.4901	−0.1345**	0.0601	−2.24	964	1,073
Sample divided by occupation
(a) Professionals
Unmatched	10.4951	10.5829	−0.0878	0.0271	−3.24	693	915
ATET	10.4951	10.5181	−0.0229*	0.0405	−0.57	693	915
(b) Skilled workers
Unmatched	9.9521	10.1069	−0.1548	0.0154	−10.04	2,717	1,666
ATET	9.9521	10.1122	−0.1601***	0.0299	−5.35	2,717	1,666
(c) Laborers
Unmatched	9.7013	9.8604	−0.1591	0.0218	−7.31	1,312	902
ATET	9.7013	9.8657	−0.1644***	0.0364	−4.52	1,312	902

Sample	Treated	Controls	Difference	S.E.	T-stat	Observations
Sample	Treated	Controls	Difference	S.E.	T-stat	Untreated (male)	Treated (female)
Sample divided by marital status
(a) Married
Unmatched	10.0441	10.1346	−0.0905	0.0129	−7.03	4,939	3,512
ATET	10.0441	10.1666	−0.1225***	0.0215	−5.7	4,939	3,512
(b) Unmarried
Unmatched	9.2639	9.4174	−0.1536	0.1591	−0.97	28	23
ATET	9.2639	8.8857	0.3782	0.4610	0.82	28	23
Sample divided by family role
(a) Head
Unmatched	10.0283	10.1567	−0.1284	0.0283	−4.54	2,379	521
ATET	10.0283	10.2056	−0.1774***	0.0500	−3.55	2,379	521
(b) Not head
Unmatched	10.0404	10.0993	−0.0590	0.0156	−3.78	2,570	3,017
ATET	10.0404	10.1703	−0.1299***	0.0245	−5.29	2,570	3,017
Sample divided by living area
(a) Urban
Unmatched	10.1961	10.3007	−0.1047	0.0209	−5.01	1,890	1,483
ATET	10.1961	10.3218	−0.1257***	0.0362	−3.47	1,890	1,483
(b) Rural
Unmatched	9.9249	10.0254	−0.1005	0.0156	−6.44	3,080	2,055
ATET	9.9249	10.0638	−0.1388***	0.0281	−4.95	3,080	2,055
Sample divided by ethnicity
(a) Kinh people
Unmatched	10.0512	10.1669	−0.1156	0.0134	−8.64	4,341	3,180
ATET	10.0512	10.1786	−0.1274***	0.0245	−5.2	4,341	3,180
(b) Ethnic minorities
Unmatched	9.9262	9.8712	0.0551	0.0418	1.32	623	358
ATET	9.9262	9.9998	−0.0736	0.0815	−0.9	623	358
Sample divided by educational level
(a) None
Unmatched	9.6424	9.8944	−0.2521	0.0396	−6.36	476	291
ATET	9.6424	9.8329	−0.1905**	0.0811	−2.35	476	291
(b) Primary school
Unmatched	9.7700	9.9749	−0.2048	0.0258	−7.93	1,044	599
ATET	9.7700	9.9283	−0.1583***	0.0433	−3.65	1,044	599
(c) Middle school
Unmatched	9.9135	10.0169	−0.1034	0.0215	−4.82	1,312	781
ATET	9.9135	10.0085	−0.0950**	0.0411	−2.31	1,312	781
(d) High school
Unmatched	10.0810	10.1666	−0.0855	0.0246	−3.48	1,165	794
ATET	10.0810	10.1680	−0.0870**	0.0373	−2.33	1,165	794
(e) College and higher
Unmatched	10.3556	10.5295	−0.1739	0.0281	−6.2	964	1,073
ATET	10.3556	10.4901	−0.1345**	0.0601	−2.24	964	1,073
Sample divided by occupation
(a) Professionals
Unmatched	10.4951	10.5829	−0.0878	0.0271	−3.24	693	915
ATET	10.4951	10.5181	−0.0229*	0.0405	−0.57	693	915
(b) Skilled workers
Unmatched	9.9521	10.1069	−0.1548	0.0154	−10.04	2,717	1,666
ATET	9.9521	10.1122	−0.1601***	0.0299	−5.35	2,717	1,666
(c) Laborers
Unmatched	9.7013	9.8604	−0.1591	0.0218	−7.31	1,312	902
ATET	9.7013	9.8657	−0.1644***	0.0364	−4.52	1,312	902

Note(s): *, **, *** indicate statistical significance at 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 levels, respectively

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