Table 1 Variable descriptions and...

Table 1

Variable descriptions and expected sign and source of the data

Variable	Brief description	Expected sign	Source
GDPC	Real GDP per capita measured in 2015 US$	NA	UNDP
FDI	Foreign direct investment per capita	+	UNDP
TOPEN	Trade openness which measured in US$	+	UNDP
POPG	Percent of annual population growth	+	WB
INF	Inflation as percent of consumer price index	−	IMF
POLITY2	Level of democracy measured from −10 (strong autocracy) to +10 (strong democracy)	+	CSP
MPV	Political violence measured from 0 (no violence) to 10 (high violence)	−	CSP
DEA	Democratic accountability which measured from 0 (less accountable ) to 6 (more accountable government)	+	ICRG
DM₁₉₉₁	Time Dummy having value of “1” if the time period is 1991, “0” otherwise	−	CSP
DBY	The number of years since the most recent regime change	+/−	CSP

Variable	Brief description	Expected sign	Source
GDPC	Real GDP per capita measured in 2015 US$	NA	UNDP
FDI	Foreign direct investment per capita	+	UNDP
TOPEN	Trade openness which measured in US$	+	UNDP
POPG	Percent of annual population growth	+	WB
INF	Inflation as percent of consumer price index	−	IMF
POLITY2	Level of democracy measured from −10 (strong autocracy) to +10 (strong democracy)	+	CSP
MPV	Political violence measured from 0 (no violence) to 10 (high violence)	−	CSP
DEA	Democratic accountability which measured from 0 (less accountable ) to 6 (more accountable government)	+	ICRG
DM₁₉₉₁	Time Dummy having value of “1” if the time period is 1991, “0” otherwise	−	CSP
DBY	The number of years since the most recent regime change	+/−	CSP

Note(s): the mathematical operations “+”, “−” and “+/−” indicate that the variables will be expected have positive impact, negative impact and ± negative or positive impact on economic performance respectively, and NA = not applicable

Source(s): Author own compilation

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