| Planning activities-related challenges | C1 | Difficult in establishing a quality management system | Hwang and Ng (2013), Hwang and Tan (2012), Pham et al. (2019), Nguyen et al. (2017) |
| C2 | Difficult in comprehending the green specifications | Robichaud and Anantatmula (2010), Zhang et al. (2019), Hwang and Ng (2013) |
| C3 | Difficult in assessing quality, monitoring and surveying technical parameter onsite | Nguyen et al. (2017), Hwang and Ng (2013) |
| C4 | Difficult in controlling and inspecting quality of materials, equipment, structural components | Nguyen et al. (2017), Hwang and Ng (2013), Pham et al. (2019) |
| C5 | Difficult in designing construction technique methods | Nguyen et al. (2017), Hwang and Ng (2013) |
| C6 | Difficult in designing a plan of inspection and acceptance for building tasks, works | Li et al. (2011), Isa et al. (2013), Pham et al. (2019) |
| Organization activities-related challenges | C7 | Difficult in establishing a competent, multidisciplinary project team | Hwang and Ng (2013), Robichaud and Anantatmula (2010), Mohammadi and Birgonul (2016) |
| C8 | Lack of competent project managers, superintendents and engineers on GB | Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C9 | Lack of skilled employees on GB | Li et al. (2011), Quangdung et al. (2019), Isa et al. (2013), Hwang and Ng (2013) |
| C10 | Lack of appropriate tools/laboratories specific for testing, assessing, measuring and inspecting the green performance of construction products | Thomas and Glavinich (2008) |
| C11 | Lack of appropriate tools/equipment to conduct green construction practices onsite | Li et al. (2011), Thomas and Glavinich (2008) |
| C12 | Lack of appropriate guidelines specific for conducting green construction practices onsite | Nguyen et al. (2017), Hwang and Ng (2013), Zhang et al. (2019) |
| C13 | Require a larger financial resource for GB projects | Li et al. (2011), Lam et al. (2010) |
| Onsite management and control activities-related challenges | C14 | Lack of legal regulations and technical codes on GB | Zhang et al. (2019), Mohammadi and Birgonul (2016) |
| C15 | Lack of GB cost estimated norms | Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C16 | Cost sensitive of GB activities | Hwang and Ng (2013), Nguyen et al. (2017), Lam et al. (2010) |
| C17 | Conflict of interest among project stakeholders | Hwang and Ng (2013), Nguyen et al. (2017), Lam et al. (2010) |
| C18 | Unforeseen circumstances in GB projects | Nguyen et al. (2017), Thomas and Glavinich (2008) |
| C19 | Time to implement green construction practices onsite | Li et al. (2011), Thomas and Glavinich (2008) |
| C20 | Alteration and variation during green construction process | Hwang and Ng (2013), Pham et al. (2019), Lam et al. (2010) |
| C21 | More communications and collaboration are required among project team members | Thomas and Glavinich (2008), Hwang and Ng (2013), Pham et al. (2019) |
| C22 | Difficult in preparing construction documents | Robichaud and Anantatmula (2010), Hwang and Ng (2013), Pham et al. (2019) |
| Green supply chain-related challenges | C23 | Government incentive policies are not clear, ineffective | Hwang and Ng (2013), Nguyen et al. (2017), Lam et al. (2010), Pham et al. (2019) |
| C24 | Client's budget plan | Nguyen et al. (2017), Thomas and Glavinich (2008) |
| C25 | Shortage of reliable GB materials/equipment in the market | Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C26 | Lack of reliable green suppliers | Hwang and Ng (2013), Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C27 | Difficulty in selecting and managing subcontractors | Pham et al. (2019), Nguyen et al. (2017), Lam et al. (2010) |
| C28 | Low level of officials' GB awareness | Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C29 | Low level of users and public's GB awareness | Pham et al. (2019), Nguyen et al. (2017), Lam et al. (2010) |
| C30 | Lack of financing schemes (e.g. bank loans, surety bonds) | Pham et al. (2019), Quangdung et al. (2019) |
| C31 | Lack of insurance for GB projects | Isa et al. (2013), Li et al. (2011) |