The Uncertainty and FPI net inflows
| (a) Dep. Var: FPIin | Sequential (two-stage) estimation of linear panel data models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indep. Var | EPU | EPUvo | WUI | WUIvo |
| FPIin(−1) | 0.702*** [0.003] | 0.699*** [0.003] | 0.703*** [0.004] | 0.702*** [0.003] |
| GDPg | 0.220*** [0.015] | 0.229*** [0.016] | 0.208*** [0.017] | 0.202*** [0.014] |
| Sreturn | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.014*** [0.004] | 0.015*** [0.004] | 0.021*** [0.003] |
| Scap | −0.010*** [0.003] | −0.012*** [0.002] | −0.012*** [0.002] | −0.014*** [0.002] |
| REER | −11.051*** [1.736] | −10.460*** [1.844] | −9.375*** [1.817] | −10.143*** [1.806] |
| Inf | −42.579*** [3.167] | −44.434*** [3.081] | −41.054*** [3.084] | −41.175*** [2.447] |
| TB | 4.742*** [0.340] | 4.678*** [0.328] | 4.608*** [0.294] | 4.535*** [0.320] |
| EPU | −0.664** [0.320] | −0.407*** [0.058] | ||
| WUI | 1.344** [0.535] | 0.570*** [0.080] | ||
| Constant | −2.649*** [0.666] | −2.353*** [0.567] | −2.496*** [0.515] | −2.179*** [0.515] |
| Long-run effect | ||||
| GDPg | 0.738*** [0.047] | 0.761*** [0.051] | 0.700*** [0.053] | 0.679*** [0.045] |
| Sreturn | 0.039*** [0.009] | 0.045*** [0.013] | 0.052*** [0.013] | 0.071*** [0.011] |
| Scap | −0.034*** [0.01] | −0.041*** [0.007] | −0.042*** [0.007] | −0.046*** [0.007] |
| REER | −37.11*** [6.135] | −34.801*** [6.391] | −31.55*** [6.292] | −34.08*** [6.335] |
| Inf | −142.9*** [10.80] | −147.8*** [10.43] | −138.1*** [10.07] | −138.3*** [8.347] |
| TB | 15.92*** [1.092] | 15.56*** [1.035] | 15.51*** [0.901] | 15.24*** [0.995] |
| EPU | −2.229** [1.069] | −1.353*** [0.191] | ||
| WUI | 4.522** [1.83] | 1.916*** [0.275] | ||
| N | 301 | 301 | 305 | 305 |
| No. of Country | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| No. of IVs | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| AR(2) test – p-value | 0.268 | 0.276 | 0.271 | 0.261 |
| Hansen test – p-value | 0.189 | 0.156 | 0.208 | 0.113 |
| (a) Dep. Var: | Sequential (two-stage) estimation of linear panel data models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indep. Var | EPU | EPUvo | WUI | WUIvo |
| FPIin(−1) | 0.702*** [0.003] | 0.699*** [0.003] | 0.703*** [0.004] | 0.702*** [0.003] |
| GDPg | 0.220*** [0.015] | 0.229*** [0.016] | 0.208*** [0.017] | 0.202*** [0.014] |
| Sreturn | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.014*** [0.004] | 0.015*** [0.004] | 0.021*** [0.003] |
| Scap | −0.010*** [0.003] | −0.012*** [0.002] | −0.012*** [0.002] | −0.014*** [0.002] |
| REER | −11.051*** [1.736] | −10.460*** [1.844] | −9.375*** [1.817] | −10.143*** [1.806] |
| Inf | −42.579*** [3.167] | −44.434*** [3.081] | −41.054*** [3.084] | −41.175*** [2.447] |
| TB | 4.742*** [0.340] | 4.678*** [0.328] | 4.608*** [0.294] | 4.535*** [0.320] |
| EPU | −0.664** [0.320] | −0.407*** [0.058] | ||
| WUI | 1.344** [0.535] | 0.570*** [0.080] | ||
| Constant | −2.649*** [0.666] | −2.353*** [0.567] | −2.496*** [0.515] | −2.179*** [0.515] |
| GDPg | 0.738*** [0.047] | 0.761*** [0.051] | 0.700*** [0.053] | 0.679*** [0.045] |
| Sreturn | 0.039*** [0.009] | 0.045*** [0.013] | 0.052*** [0.013] | 0.071*** [0.011] |
| Scap | −0.034*** [0.01] | −0.041*** [0.007] | −0.042*** [0.007] | −0.046*** [0.007] |
| REER | −37.11*** [6.135] | −34.801*** [6.391] | −31.55*** [6.292] | −34.08*** [6.335] |
| Inf | −142.9*** [10.80] | −147.8*** [10.43] | −138.1*** [10.07] | −138.3*** [8.347] |
| TB | 15.92*** [1.092] | 15.56*** [1.035] | 15.51*** [0.901] | 15.24*** [0.995] |
| EPU | −2.229** [1.069] | −1.353*** [0.191] | ||
| WUI | 4.522** [1.83] | 1.916*** [0.275] | ||
| 301 | 301 | 305 | 305 | |
| No. of Country | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| No. of IVs | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| AR(2) test – | 0.268 | 0.276 | 0.271 | 0.261 |
| Hansen test – | 0.189 | 0.156 | 0.208 | 0.113 |
| (b) Dep. Var: FPIin | Sequential (two-stage) estimation of linear panel data models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPIin(−1) | 0.702*** [0.003] | 0.700*** [0.003] | 0.699*** [0.003] | 0.700*** [0.003] | 0.701*** [0.003] | 0.745*** [0.003] |
| GDPg | 0.214*** [0.015] | 0.219*** [0.016] | 0.223*** [0.014] | 0.219*** [0.016] | 0.222*** [0.016] | 0.187*** [0.013] |
| Sreturn | 0.013*** [0.003] | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.017*** [0.004] | 0.020*** [0.004] | 0.021*** [0.003] |
| Scap | −0.010*** [0.003] | −0.012*** [0.003] | −0.009** [0.004] | −0.013*** [0.002] | −0.013*** [0.002] | −0.013*** [0.002] |
| REER | −10.73*** [1.767] | −11.15*** [1.772] | −11.18*** [1.724] | −10.07*** [1.913] | −10.47*** [1.950] | −10.23*** [1.841] |
| Inf | −40.28*** [2.653] | −42.30*** [2.742] | −41.54*** [2.522] | −41.17*** [2.418] | −42.02*** [2.398] | −43.66*** [2.709] |
| TB | 4.801*** [0.313] | 4.834*** [0.300] | 4.796*** [0.312] | 4.647*** [0.329] | 4.449*** [0.340] | 3.801*** [0.334] |
| EPU | −0.676** [0.294] | −0.944*** [0.320] | −0.772** [0.334] | |||
| WUI | 1.437*** [0.416] | 1.164*** [0.438] | 1.097*** [0.407] | |||
| EPU*WUI | 4.914*** [1.351] | |||||
| EPU/WUI | 0.012*** [0.004] | |||||
| EPUvo | −0.559*** [0.075] | −0.623*** [0.069] | −0.296* [0.154] | |||
| WUIvo | 0.642*** [0.067] | 0.523*** [0.079] | 0.475*** [0.112] | |||
| EPUvo*WUIvo | −0.450*** [0.130] | |||||
| EPUvo/WUIvo | −0.134** [0.059] | |||||
| Constant | −2.909*** [0.620] | −2.762*** [0.580] | −2.792*** [0.671] | −2.373*** [0.545] | −2.053*** [0.563] | −1.625*** [0.593] |
| Long-run effect | ||||||
| GDPg | 0.72*** [0.047] | 0.731*** [0.052] | 0.741*** [0.045] | 0.729*** [0.05] | 0.744*** [0.048] | 0.734*** [0.049] |
| Sreturn | 0.043*** [0.009] | 0.041*** [0.011] | 0.040*** [0.01] | 0.057*** [0.013] | 0.066*** [0.012] | 0.081*** [0.011] |
| Scap | −0.033*** [0.01] | −0.039*** [0.009] | −0.031** [0.012] | −0.043*** [0.007] | −0.045*** [0.007] | −0.049*** [0.009] |
| REER | −36.04*** [6.213] | −37.21*** [6.215] | −37.18*** [6.004] | −33.56*** [6.639] | −35.05*** [6.825] | −40.12*** [7.556] |
| Inf | −135.2*** [8.991] | −141.1*** [9.348] | −138.1*** [8.429] | −137.2*** [8.068] | −140.5*** [7.923] | −171.1*** [10.73] |
| TB | 16.12*** [0.982] | 16.13*** [0.934] | 15.94*** [0.993] | 15.48*** [1.021] | 14.88*** [1.065] | 14.90*** [1.287] |
| EPU | −2.269** [0.984] | −3.151*** [1.065] | −2.566** [1.103] | |||
| WUI | 4.827*** [1.417] | 3.885*** [1.474] | 3.646*** [1.368] | |||
| EPU*WUI | 16.39*** [4.507] | |||||
| EPU/WUI | 0.041*** [0.012] | |||||
| EPUvo | −1.863*** [0.255] | −2.082*** [0.228] | −1.159* [0.609] | |||
| WUIvo | 2.138*** [0.234] | 1.749*** [0.269] | 1.862*** [0.433] | |||
| EPUvo*WUIvo | −1.505*** [0.441] | |||||
| EPUvo/WUIvo | −0.524** [0.228] | |||||
| N | 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 |
| No. of country | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| No. of IVs | 20 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| AR(2) test – p-value | 0.266 | 0.268 | 0.263 | 0.266 | 0.267 | 0.261 |
| Hansen test – p-value | 0.204 | 0.132 | 0.172 | 0.123 | 0.117 | 0.234 |
| (b) Dep. Var: | Sequential (two-stage) estimation of linear panel data models | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPIin(−1) | 0.702*** [0.003] | 0.700*** [0.003] | 0.699*** [0.003] | 0.700*** [0.003] | 0.701*** [0.003] | 0.745*** [0.003] |
| GDPg | 0.214*** [0.015] | 0.219*** [0.016] | 0.223*** [0.014] | 0.219*** [0.016] | 0.222*** [0.016] | 0.187*** [0.013] |
| Sreturn | 0.013*** [0.003] | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.012*** [0.003] | 0.017*** [0.004] | 0.020*** [0.004] | 0.021*** [0.003] |
| Scap | −0.010*** [0.003] | −0.012*** [0.003] | −0.009** [0.004] | −0.013*** [0.002] | −0.013*** [0.002] | −0.013*** [0.002] |
| REER | −10.73*** [1.767] | −11.15*** [1.772] | −11.18*** [1.724] | −10.07*** [1.913] | −10.47*** [1.950] | −10.23*** [1.841] |
| Inf | −40.28*** [2.653] | −42.30*** [2.742] | −41.54*** [2.522] | −41.17*** [2.418] | −42.02*** [2.398] | −43.66*** [2.709] |
| TB | 4.801*** [0.313] | 4.834*** [0.300] | 4.796*** [0.312] | 4.647*** [0.329] | 4.449*** [0.340] | 3.801*** [0.334] |
| EPU | −0.676** [0.294] | −0.944*** [0.320] | −0.772** [0.334] | |||
| WUI | 1.437*** [0.416] | 1.164*** [0.438] | 1.097*** [0.407] | |||
| EPU*WUI | 4.914*** [1.351] | |||||
| EPU/WUI | 0.012*** [0.004] | |||||
| EPUvo | −0.559*** [0.075] | −0.623*** [0.069] | −0.296* [0.154] | |||
| WUIvo | 0.642*** [0.067] | 0.523*** [0.079] | 0.475*** [0.112] | |||
| EPUvo*WUIvo | −0.450*** [0.130] | |||||
| EPUvo/WUIvo | −0.134** [0.059] | |||||
| Constant | −2.909*** [0.620] | −2.762*** [0.580] | −2.792*** [0.671] | −2.373*** [0.545] | −2.053*** [0.563] | −1.625*** [0.593] |
| GDPg | 0.72*** [0.047] | 0.731*** [0.052] | 0.741*** [0.045] | 0.729*** [0.05] | 0.744*** [0.048] | 0.734*** [0.049] |
| Sreturn | 0.043*** [0.009] | 0.041*** [0.011] | 0.040*** [0.01] | 0.057*** [0.013] | 0.066*** [0.012] | 0.081*** [0.011] |
| Scap | −0.033*** [0.01] | −0.039*** [0.009] | −0.031** [0.012] | −0.043*** [0.007] | −0.045*** [0.007] | −0.049*** [0.009] |
| REER | −36.04*** [6.213] | −37.21*** [6.215] | −37.18*** [6.004] | −33.56*** [6.639] | −35.05*** [6.825] | −40.12*** [7.556] |
| Inf | −135.2*** [8.991] | −141.1*** [9.348] | −138.1*** [8.429] | −137.2*** [8.068] | −140.5*** [7.923] | −171.1*** [10.73] |
| TB | 16.12*** [0.982] | 16.13*** [0.934] | 15.94*** [0.993] | 15.48*** [1.021] | 14.88*** [1.065] | 14.90*** [1.287] |
| EPU | −2.269** [0.984] | −3.151*** [1.065] | −2.566** [1.103] | |||
| WUI | 4.827*** [1.417] | 3.885*** [1.474] | 3.646*** [1.368] | |||
| EPU*WUI | 16.39*** [4.507] | |||||
| EPU/WUI | 0.041*** [0.012] | |||||
| EPUvo | −1.863*** [0.255] | −2.082*** [0.228] | −1.159* [0.609] | |||
| WUIvo | 2.138*** [0.234] | 1.749*** [0.269] | 1.862*** [0.433] | |||
| EPUvo*WUIvo | −1.505*** [0.441] | |||||
| EPUvo/WUIvo | −0.524** [0.228] | |||||
| 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 | 301 | |
| No. of country | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| No. of IVs | 20 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| AR(2) test – | 0.266 | 0.268 | 0.263 | 0.266 | 0.267 | 0.261 |
| Hansen test – | 0.204 | 0.132 | 0.172 | 0.123 | 0.117 | 0.234 |
Note(s): Standard errors are in [ ]. *, **, *** are significant levels at 10, 5 and 1%, respectively