Table A1 Full estimation result for the...

Table A1

Full estimation result for the quintile model

Explanatory variable	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9
Access to all-weather roads (1 = yes)	3.23	3.126	9.4621	12.93196	10.00797	20.4758	26.62714	34.0028***	77.2511***
Access to all-weather roads (1 = yes)	(0.0172)	(0.032)	(0.0272)	(0.062)	(0.067)	(0.024)	(0.025)	(0.061)	(0.042)
Mode of transport used¹ (1 = foot)
Modern mode of transport	27.42	29.142	78.42	94.22	96.22*	110.42	78.42	120.42	159.41
Modern mode of transport	(0.041)	(0.31)	(0.121)	(0.0321)	(0.0321)	(0.041)	(0.051)	(0.141)	(0.211)
Traditional mode of transport	27.265	58.65	78.65	86.45**	116.45**	178.65	78.65	132.65	128.65
Traditional mode of transport	(0.018)	(0.028)	(0.178)	(0.068)	(0.078)	(0.118)	(0.125)	(0.013)	(0.013)
Logarithm of yield	124.23*	18.6	67.2**	186.5***	106.5***	127.2**	67.2**	114.23*	114.6
Logarithm of yield	(0.006)	(0.08)	(0.01)	(0.056)	(0.016)	(0.041)	(0.081)	(0.006)	(0.012)
Land-to-family labor ratio	66.26**	71.25**	54.22**	62.65**	130.65**	154.22**	54.22**	115.26**	141.25**
Land-to-family labor ratio	(0.0214)	(0.026)	(0.073)	(0.0291)	(0.0271)	(0.076)	(0.049)	(0.114)	(0.026)
Participation in nonfarm income	98.02***	56.72**	68.2**	171.02*	121.02*	128.2**	68.2**	198.02***	161.72**
Participation in nonfarm income	(0.0314)	(0.064)	(0.011)	(0.0314)	(0.0345)	(0.016)	(0.067)	(0.014)	(0.056)
Dependency ratio	−87.4*	−69.21**	−58.21**	107.41	107.41	−126.21**	−58.21**	−147.4*	−139.21**
Dependency ratio	(0.0338)	(0.026)	(0.021)	(0.0138)	(0.0348)	(0.041)	(0.025)	(0.0338)	(0.021)
Age of the head	12.21	74.8	67.31	121.4	111.4	127.31	67.31	123.21	174.8
Age of the head	(0.00432)	(0.232)	(0.0138)	(0.042)	(0.052)	(0.0321)	(0.0137)	(0.012)	(0.051)
Gender of the head (1 = male)	34.02	65.72	35.31	161.342	121.342	135.31	35.31	152.02	65.72
Gender of the head (1 = male)	(0.0975)	(0.0175)	(0.012)	(0.0975)	(0.0975)	(0.087)	(0.067)	(0.072)	(0.052)
Years of schooling	54.271	62.2	−56.1	−157.671	−125.671	−156.1	−56.1	124.271	142.2
Years of schooling	(0.0112)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.054)	(0.043)	(0.072)	(0.002)
Access to irrigation (1 = yes)	25.7	77.80	78.00*	170.56**	140.56**	178.00*	78.00*	135.7	157.80
Access to irrigation (1 = yes)	(0.051)	(0.048)	(0.086)	(0.081)	(0.0381)	(0.0181)	(0.041)	(0.021)	(0.048)
Access to extension (1 = yes)	87.64	76.54**	77.14	148.54**	128.54**	127.14	77.14	122.64	126.54**
Access to extension (1 = yes)	(0.027)	(0.02)	(0.011)	(0.037)	(0.038)	(0.064)	(0.051)	(0.032)	(0.013)
Access to credit (1 = yes)	89.67	77.75	58.17	146.17	126.17	128.17	58.17	119.67	125.15
Access to credit (1 = yes)	(0.022)	(0.0299)	(0.12)	(0.0299)	(0.0299)	(0.12)	(0.12)	(0.022)	(0.023)
Number of livestock owned in TLU	68.4***	53.6*	69.52	198.41**	128.41**	161.52	69.52	151.4*	103.5
Number of livestock owned in TLU	(0.002)	(0.041)	(0.012)	(0.015)	(0.0272)	(0.082)	(0.154)	(0.052)	(0.017)
Family size in adult equivalent	−86.40***	−137.7	−158.50	−184.0***	−124.0***	−124.50	−158.50	−152.42*	−137.7
Family size in adult equivalent	(0.013)	(0.053)	(0.011)	(0.025)	(0.0273)	(0.053)	(0.411)	(0.116)	(0.513)
Constant	4.470***	6.70*	8.270***	9.47***	6.80***	3.270***	8.270***	4.470**	6.70*
Constant	(0.212)	(0.232)	(0.212)	(0.321)	(0.432)	(0.212)	(0.612)	(0.132)	(0.026)
Observations	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346
R²	0.23	0.21	0.35	0.37	0.56	0.34	0.28	0.32	0.38

Explanatory variable	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9
Access to all-weather roads (1 = yes)	3.23	3.126	9.4621	12.93196	10.00797	20.4758	26.62714	34.0028***	77.2511***
Access to all-weather roads (1 = yes)	(0.0172)	(0.032)	(0.0272)	(0.062)	(0.067)	(0.024)	(0.025)	(0.061)	(0.042)
Mode of transport used¹ (1 = foot)
Modern mode of transport	27.42	29.142	78.42	94.22	96.22*	110.42	78.42	120.42	159.41
Modern mode of transport	(0.041)	(0.31)	(0.121)	(0.0321)	(0.0321)	(0.041)	(0.051)	(0.141)	(0.211)
Traditional mode of transport	27.265	58.65	78.65	86.45**	116.45**	178.65	78.65	132.65	128.65
Traditional mode of transport	(0.018)	(0.028)	(0.178)	(0.068)	(0.078)	(0.118)	(0.125)	(0.013)	(0.013)
Logarithm of yield	124.23*	18.6	67.2**	186.5***	106.5***	127.2**	67.2**	114.23*	114.6
Logarithm of yield	(0.006)	(0.08)	(0.01)	(0.056)	(0.016)	(0.041)	(0.081)	(0.006)	(0.012)
Land-to-family labor ratio	66.26**	71.25**	54.22**	62.65**	130.65**	154.22**	54.22**	115.26**	141.25**
Land-to-family labor ratio	(0.0214)	(0.026)	(0.073)	(0.0291)	(0.0271)	(0.076)	(0.049)	(0.114)	(0.026)
Participation in nonfarm income	98.02***	56.72**	68.2**	171.02*	121.02*	128.2**	68.2**	198.02***	161.72**
Participation in nonfarm income	(0.0314)	(0.064)	(0.011)	(0.0314)	(0.0345)	(0.016)	(0.067)	(0.014)	(0.056)
Dependency ratio	−87.4*	−69.21**	−58.21**	107.41	107.41	−126.21**	−58.21**	−147.4*	−139.21**
Dependency ratio	(0.0338)	(0.026)	(0.021)	(0.0138)	(0.0348)	(0.041)	(0.025)	(0.0338)	(0.021)
Age of the head	12.21	74.8	67.31	121.4	111.4	127.31	67.31	123.21	174.8
Age of the head	(0.00432)	(0.232)	(0.0138)	(0.042)	(0.052)	(0.0321)	(0.0137)	(0.012)	(0.051)
Gender of the head (1 = male)	34.02	65.72	35.31	161.342	121.342	135.31	35.31	152.02	65.72
Gender of the head (1 = male)	(0.0975)	(0.0175)	(0.012)	(0.0975)	(0.0975)	(0.087)	(0.067)	(0.072)	(0.052)
Years of schooling	54.271	62.2	−56.1	−157.671	−125.671	−156.1	−56.1	124.271	142.2
Years of schooling	(0.0112)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.054)	(0.043)	(0.072)	(0.002)
Access to irrigation (1 = yes)	25.7	77.80	78.00*	170.56**	140.56**	178.00*	78.00*	135.7	157.80
Access to irrigation (1 = yes)	(0.051)	(0.048)	(0.086)	(0.081)	(0.0381)	(0.0181)	(0.041)	(0.021)	(0.048)
Access to extension (1 = yes)	87.64	76.54**	77.14	148.54**	128.54**	127.14	77.14	122.64	126.54**
Access to extension (1 = yes)	(0.027)	(0.02)	(0.011)	(0.037)	(0.038)	(0.064)	(0.051)	(0.032)	(0.013)
Access to credit (1 = yes)	89.67	77.75	58.17	146.17	126.17	128.17	58.17	119.67	125.15
Access to credit (1 = yes)	(0.022)	(0.0299)	(0.12)	(0.0299)	(0.0299)	(0.12)	(0.12)	(0.022)	(0.023)
Number of livestock owned in TLU	68.4***	53.6*	69.52	198.41**	128.41**	161.52	69.52	151.4*	103.5
Number of livestock owned in TLU	(0.002)	(0.041)	(0.012)	(0.015)	(0.0272)	(0.082)	(0.154)	(0.052)	(0.017)
Family size in adult equivalent	−86.40***	−137.7	−158.50	−184.0***	−124.0***	−124.50	−158.50	−152.42*	−137.7
Family size in adult equivalent	(0.013)	(0.053)	(0.011)	(0.025)	(0.0273)	(0.053)	(0.411)	(0.116)	(0.513)
Constant	4.470***	6.70*	8.270***	9.47***	6.80***	3.270***	8.270***	4.470**	6.70*
Constant	(0.212)	(0.232)	(0.212)	(0.321)	(0.432)	(0.212)	(0.612)	(0.132)	(0.026)
Observations	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346	4,346
R²	0.23	0.21	0.35	0.37	0.56	0.34	0.28	0.32	0.38

Note(s): ¹Foot is drooped for comparison reasons

Source(s): Authors' own work using data from the Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ESS)

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