Univariate unit root test results: aggregate US health-care inflation rate, 1966-2006a
| Series | ADF | ADFGLS | Phillips–Perron | KPSS | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | −2.723 (0.233) | −2.301 (0.026) | −2.565 (0.298) | 0.162* [0.146] | I (1) |
| First differences | −5.423*(0.000) | −4.876* (0.000) | 9.157* (0.000) | 0.228* [0.146] | I (0) |
| Series | ADF | ADFGLS | Phillips–Perron | KPSS | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | −2.723 (0.233) | −2.301 (0.026) | −2.565 (0.298) | 0.162 | I (1) |
| First differences | −5.423 | −4.876 | 9.157 | 0.228 | I (0) |
Notes:
With a constant and a linear trend. Lags are based on the SIC criterion. p-values are in parentheses, and for the KPSS tests, 5% critical value in brackets;
Significant at the 5% level
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