Table 3. Unit root test Variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Unit root test

Variables		Ducky–Fuller test
	Level		First difference
	T-statistics	p-value	T-statistics	p-value	Decision
GDP	0.354498	0.7825	−6.687121	0.0000	I(1)
POP	0.353547	0.5513	−7.609269	0.0000	I(1)
WR	0.294250	0.5738	−11.24637	0.0000	I(1)
DF	−1.1884232	0.2117	−3.887641	0.0004	I(1)
CO₂	−0.927670	0.3064	−5.734464	0.0000	I(1)

Variables		Ducky–Fuller test
	Level		First difference
	T-statistics	p-value	T-statistics	p-value	Decision
GDP	0.354498	0.7825	−6.687121	0.0000	I(1)
POP	0.353547	0.5513	−7.609269	0.0000	I(1)
WR	0.294250	0.5738	−11.24637	0.0000	I(1)
DF	−1.1884232	0.2117	−3.887641	0.0004	I(1)
CO₂	−0.927670	0.3064	−5.734464	0.0000	I(1)

Source: Author’s computation