Table 2. Models for AER and EMP ( f... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Models for AER and EMP (f-females)

Independent variables	AERf		EMPf
Independent variables	FE	RE	FE	RE
const	37.197***	43.361***	−92.81***	−57.565***
RAf	−0.031	−0.004	0.368***	0.318**
ARRf	2.474	2.85	16.36***	17.919***
HLYf	−0.019	0.036	0.036	0.062
HEALTHf	0.033	0.023	0.062	0.064
EDUf	0.009	0.038	0.067	0.356***
E&Tf	−0.052	−0.04	−0.043	0.056
SELF_EMPf	−0.085	0.049	0.962***	1.131***
UNEMPf	0.051	0.052	−0.256**	−0.407***
ODR	0.211***	0.137***	0.78***	0.700***
IR	0.078	0.032	−0.136	−0.192
GDP_PC	0.144**	0.177***	0.555***	0.396**
GDP_GROWTH	−0.034	−0.047**	−0.222***	−0.212***
INF	0.068*	0.076*	0.067	0.108
S&W	0.288***	0.175***	0.632***	0.231
LP	−0.005	−0.078**	0.571***	0.208*
Test statistics
Breusch–Pagan		92.297***		165.909***
Wald	24.209***		97.435***
Hausman		48.723***		97.096***

Independent variables	AERf		EMPf
Independent variables	FE	RE	FE	RE
const	37.197***	43.361***	−92.81***	−57.565***
RAf	−0.031	−0.004	0.368***	0.318**
ARRf	2.474	2.85	16.36***	17.919***
HLYf	−0.019	0.036	0.036	0.062
HEALTHf	0.033	0.023	0.062	0.064
EDUf	0.009	0.038	0.067	0.356***
E&Tf	−0.052	−0.04	−0.043	0.056
SELF_EMPf	−0.085	0.049	0.962***	1.131***
UNEMPf	0.051	0.052	−0.256**	−0.407***
ODR	0.211***	0.137***	0.78***	0.700***
IR	0.078	0.032	−0.136	−0.192
GDP_PC	0.144**	0.177***	0.555***	0.396**
GDP_GROWTH	−0.034	−0.047**	−0.222***	−0.212***
INF	0.068*	0.076*	0.067	0.108
S&W	0.288***	0.175***	0.632***	0.231
LP	−0.005	−0.078**	0.571***	0.208*
Test statistics
Breusch–Pagan		92.297***		165.909***
Wald	24.209***		97.435***
Hausman		48.723***		97.096***

Note:

p-value: *< 0.1, **< 0.05, ***< 0.01

Source: Own computations based on OECD and Eurostat data