Table 3. Models for EMP with AER as... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Models for EMP with AER as predictor (m-males and f-females)

Independent variables	EMPm		EMPf
Independent variables	FE	RE	FE	RE
const	−15.187	−13.109	−86.067***	−74.599***
AER (m/f)	0.363	0.758***	0.463**	0.849***
ARR (m/f)	9.21	1.599	15.932***	16.602***
HLY (m/f)	−0.26	−0.283	0.016	0.019
HEALTH (m/f)	0.002	0.02	0.042	0.035
EDU (m/f)	−0.157	0.015	0.101	0.389***
E&T (m/f)	0.554***	0.592***	−0.013	0.104
SELF_EMP (m/f)	0.903***	0.743***	1.088***	1.204***
UNEMP (m/f)	−0.499***	−0.517***	−0.2**	−0.375***
ODR	0.199	0.059	0.7***	0.531***
IR	−0.143	−0.28*	−0.205	−0.249*
GDP_PC	0.657***	0.691***	0.529***	0.302*
GDP_GROWTH	−0.103	−0.093	−0.196***	−0.169***
INF	−0.214*	−0.228*	0.033	0.037
S_W	0.433*	0.152	0.486**	0.078
LP	0.053	−0.158	0.513***	0.249**
Test statistics
Breusch–Pagan		150.511***		142.937***
Wald	44.285***		68.267***
Hausman		53.870***		79.519***

Independent variables	EMPm		EMPf
Independent variables	FE	RE	FE	RE
const	−15.187	−13.109	−86.067***	−74.599***
AER (m/f)	0.363	0.758***	0.463**	0.849***
ARR (m/f)	9.21	1.599	15.932***	16.602***
HLY (m/f)	−0.26	−0.283	0.016	0.019
HEALTH (m/f)	0.002	0.02	0.042	0.035
EDU (m/f)	−0.157	0.015	0.101	0.389***
E&T (m/f)	0.554***	0.592***	−0.013	0.104
SELF_EMP (m/f)	0.903***	0.743***	1.088***	1.204***
UNEMP (m/f)	−0.499***	−0.517***	−0.2**	−0.375***
ODR	0.199	0.059	0.7***	0.531***
IR	−0.143	−0.28*	−0.205	−0.249*
GDP_PC	0.657***	0.691***	0.529***	0.302*
GDP_GROWTH	−0.103	−0.093	−0.196***	−0.169***
INF	−0.214*	−0.228*	0.033	0.037
S_W	0.433*	0.152	0.486**	0.078
LP	0.053	−0.158	0.513***	0.249**
Test statistics
Breusch–Pagan		150.511***		142.937***
Wald	44.285***		68.267***
Hausman		53.870***		79.519***

Note:

p-value: *< 0.1, **< 0.05, ***< 0.01

Source: Own computations based on OECD and Eurostat data