Table A1

Measurement scales

IMC (integrated marketing communications) (Butkouskaya et al., 2021b)
IMC1. Message consistency
  • 1. Our company carefully examines whether our intended message is consistently delivered through all communications tools and channels (e.g. advertising, publicity, packaging, direct mail, POP display, banner and website)

  • 2. Our company maintains consistency in all visual components of communication (e.g. trademarks, logos, models and color)

  • 3. Our company maintains consistency in all linguistic components of communication (e.g. slogans and mottos)

  • 4. Ensuring a consistent brand image is one of the most important goals of our marketing communications program

  • 5. Our company does not alter the brand image, even as its context changes, but maintains its consistency from the long-term perspective

IMC2. Channel consistency
  • 6. Our marketing communications strategy differentiates the buyer and the user, if the two are not the same

  • 7. Our company carefully deliberates whether creating more than two target customer groups is desirable

  • 8. The issue of whether to maintain a single brand image or to create multiple brand images of the product is thoroughly discussed in our company

  • 9. Our marketing communications strategy is based on a scrutiny of the stages of the customers' buying process such as brand awareness, information search, showroom visit and purchase

  • 10. Our company employs the marketing communications tools that are most appropriate for each stage of the consumers' buying process

IMC3. Customer data integration
  • 11. Our marketing communications activities are designed to induce customer's actions (e.g. telephone order, phone inquiry, showroom visit)

  • 12. Our company follows up on consumer responses to our marketing communications activities (e.g. mailing fliers and/or coupons to those who participated in the company-sponsored events and made a phone inquiry after seeing our advertisements)

  • 13. Our company sees to it that the consumer information that is generated while marketing communications activities is complied

  • 14. Our company integrates customer information collected or generated from different divisions into a unified database

IMC 4. Long-term consistency
  • 15. Our company actively carries out marketing communications activities, which strengthen the relationship with existing customers (e.g. running a customer consultation office, sending birthday cards)

  • 16. Our company emphasizes that maintaining and strengthening relationships with existing customers is as important as expanding the market share by recruiting new customers

  • 17. Our marketing communications strategy places heavy emphasis on generating continuous business from our existing customers by enhancing their satisfaction level

  • 18. Our company makes efforts to generate a continuous flow of profits from individual customers in the long run by solidifying relationships with them

IMC5. Cross-functional coordination
  • 19. In our company, managers from different departments communicate with each other

  • 20. In our company, we create long term communications with both internal and external stakeholders (consumers, partners, employees and others)

  • 21. In our company, different marketing communications tools for one product are planned by the same manager

  • 22. Our company creates corporate brand equity, company identity and reputation of the organization

Customer performance (CP) (Vorhies and Morgan, 2005)
CP1. Customer satisfaction
CP2. Delivering value to your customers
CP3. Delivering what your customers want
CP4. Retaining valued customers
Market performance (MP) (Vorhies and Morgan, 2005)
MP1. Market share growth relative to competitors
MP2. Growth in sales revenue
MP3. Acquiring new customers
MP4. Increasing sales to existing customers
Financial performance (FP) (Vorhies and Morgan, 2005)
FP1. Company unit profitability
FP2. Return on investment (ROI)
FP3. Return on sales (ROS)
FP4. Reaching financial goals

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