Impact of internal remittance on households' use of bank services by urban and rural area
| Y1 (acc) | Y2 (card) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban area (1) | Rural area (2) | Urban area (3) | Rural area (4) | |
| Remit | 0.0232 (0.034) | 0.0802*** (0.0307) | 0.0292 (0.0322) | 0.112*** (0.0351) |
| Hhsize | 0.0694*** (0.00828) | 0.0524*** (0.00488) | 0.0874*** (0.00844) | 0.0834*** (0.00514) |
| Rdepend | −0.027 (0.0431) | 0.0146 (0.0217) | −0.235*** (0.0394) | −0.0812*** (0.0227) |
| Rfemale | −0.026 (0.0645) | −0.0583* (0.0339) | −0.022 (0.0634) | −0.0448 (0.0358) |
| Lpcexp | 0.287*** (0.0224) | 0.221*** (0.0138) | 0.214*** (0.0225) | 0.234*** (0.0140) |
| Agr | −0.00876 (0.0507) | −0.00884 (0.0137) | −0.0788 (0.0479) | −0.0367** (0.0149) |
| edu_head | 0.0281*** (0.00488) | 0.0251*** (0.00537) | 0.0456*** (0.00419) | 0.0415*** (0.00521) |
| gen_head | −0.041 (0.0296) | −0.0624*** (0.0191) | −0.0208 (0.0278) | −0.0936*** (0.0210) |
| Dbank | −6.618 (9.257) | 9.818** (4.436) | 12.0291 (8.731) | 0.0624 (0.605) |
| Constant | −2.886*** (0.247) | −2.306*** (0.148) | −2.046*** (0.247) | −2.472*** (0.150) |
| Observations | 1,224 | 2,847 | 1,224 | 2,847 |
| R-squared | 0.225 | 0.146 | 0.287 | 0.19 |
| Durbin Wu–Hausman | p = 0.0369 p = 0.0363 | p = 0.0025 p = 0.0024 | ||
| Sargan | p = 0.2065 | p = 0.1054 | ||
| First-stage | p = 0.0000 | p = 0.0000 | ||
| Y1 (acc) | Y2 (card) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban area (1) | Rural area (2) | Urban area (3) | Rural area (4) | |
| Remit | 0.0232 (0.034) | 0.0802*** (0.0307) | 0.0292 (0.0322) | 0.112*** (0.0351) |
| Hhsize | 0.0694*** (0.00828) | 0.0524*** (0.00488) | 0.0874*** (0.00844) | 0.0834*** (0.00514) |
| Rdepend | −0.027 (0.0431) | 0.0146 (0.0217) | −0.235*** (0.0394) | −0.0812*** (0.0227) |
| Rfemale | −0.026 (0.0645) | −0.0583* (0.0339) | −0.022 (0.0634) | −0.0448 (0.0358) |
| Lpcexp | 0.287*** (0.0224) | 0.221*** (0.0138) | 0.214*** (0.0225) | 0.234*** (0.0140) |
| Agr | −0.00876 (0.0507) | −0.00884 (0.0137) | −0.0788 (0.0479) | −0.0367** (0.0149) |
| edu_head | 0.0281*** (0.00488) | 0.0251*** (0.00537) | 0.0456*** (0.00419) | 0.0415*** (0.00521) |
| gen_head | −0.041 (0.0296) | −0.0624*** (0.0191) | −0.0208 (0.0278) | −0.0936*** (0.0210) |
| Dbank | −6.618 (9.257) | 9.818** (4.436) | 12.0291 (8.731) | 0.0624 (0.605) |
| Constant | −2.886*** (0.247) | −2.306*** (0.148) | −2.046*** (0.247) | −2.472*** (0.150) |
| Observations | 1,224 | 2,847 | 1,224 | 2,847 |
| 0.225 | 0.146 | 0.287 | 0.19 | |
| Durbin | ||||
| Sargan | ||||
| First-stage | ||||
Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1; Results in the column (2) and (4) are from the 2SLS method; results in the column (1) and (3) are from the LPM
Source(s): Authors' estimation from VHLSS (2016)
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