Table 4

CEO turnover in public firms

(1)(2)(3)(4)
Sizet−1 (ln assets)−0.0210 (0.0697)−0.0251 (0.0696)0.0397 (0.0411)0.0339 (0.0408)
Leveraget−10.3496† (0.2121)0.3659† (0.2121)0.0850 (0.1417)0.0584 (0.1411)
CEO dualityt−1−0.0447 (0.1120)−0.0514 (0.1123)0.0149 (0.0759)0.0161 (0.0755)
Stake held by the CEOt−1−2.0444 (2.5449)−1.7948 (2.5432)−1.6725 (1.7569)−1.0505 (1.7447)
IBEX-350.0523 (0.1970)0.0285 (0.1988)−0.0276 (0.1263)−0.0251 (0.1258)
CEO turnovert−1−0.1147 (0.0766)−0.0816 (0.0649)−0.0208 (0.0383)−0.0329 (0.0445)
IBEX-35 × CEO turnovert−1 −0.1334 (0.1314) 0.0345 (0.0839)
Chairperson turnovert−10.1569* (0.0787)0.1595† (0.0867)0.0369 (0.0543)0.0578 (0.0614)
IBEX-35 × Chairperson turnovert−1 −0.0369 (0.1989) −0.0678 (0.1265)
ΔMarket-to-Bookt2,t1−0.1271*** (0.0356)−0.1055** (0.0379)  
IBEX-35×ΔMarket-to-Bookt2,t1 −0.1549† (0.0897)  
ΔROAt2,t1  −0.0108*** (0.0018)0.0002 (0.0040)
IBEX-35×ΔROAt2,t1   −0.0136*** (0.0045)
Time dummiesYesYesYesYes
Intercept−1.2780*** (0.3986)−1.2549*** (0.3985)−1.6002*** (0.2343)−1.5526*** (0.2332)
F-test15.76***13.06***30.11***25.42***
R Square (within)0.32420.33010.46360.4747
Observations535535564564
Average VIF1.461.511.411.98

Note(s): The table presents the fixed-effects regression results of CEO turnover as presented in equation (2). Models 1 and 2 use changes in the Market-to-Book value as performance variable, while change in ROA is the performance metric used in models 3 and 4. Robust standard errors are presented in brackets. †, *, **, *** indicate significance at the 0.10, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively

Source(s): Authors' elaboration

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