Table 2

Characteristics' overview of the four cases studied

Acea S.p.A.Sky Italia S.r.l.A2A S.p.A.Vodafone Italia S.p.A.
IndustryMultiutilityMediaUtilitiesTelecommunications
Revenues*3.186 M €3.29 B €7.324 M €43,7 M €
Employees*7.5763.03711.2946.536
Type of services offeredWater, energy infrastructure and environmental servicesProduction and distribution of pay-per-view digital channels, pay-per-view services and interactive TV services, via satellite and cableProduction and distribution of electricity; storage of components and electrical equipment; distribution of natural gasAdministrative activity and provision of telecommunications services

Note(s): *2019 data

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