Results from Equation (1), 2SLS with TMi as a potential endogenous variable in the extended model
| Variable | 2SLS extended | |
|---|---|---|
| Coeff. | SE | |
| Climate change concern | 0.383*** | (0.056) |
| Tax morale | 0.054** | (0.026) |
| Trust in government | 0.105*** | (0.028) |
| Political orientation | −0.044** | (0.019) |
| Political trust | −0.028 | (0.033) |
| Political participation | −0.074 | (0.097) |
| Climate responsibility | −0.000 | (0.015) |
| Social network activity | −0.041 | (0.095) |
| Religiosity | 0.028 | (0.096) |
| Gender | 0.124 | (0.090) |
| Age | 0.008 | (0.008) |
| Constant | 1.312*** | (0.443) |
| Observations | 514 | |
| R2 | 0.163 | |
| Kleibergen–Paap rk LM | 298.261 | [0.000] |
| Kleibergen–Paap rk Wald F | 2316.512 | |
| Hansen J statistic | 1.993 | [0.574] |
| Durbin–Wu–Hausman test | 0.677 | [0.381] |
| Variable | 2SLS extended | |
|---|---|---|
| Coeff. | SE | |
| Climate change concern | 0.383*** | (0.056) |
| Tax morale | 0.054** | (0.026) |
| Trust in government | 0.105*** | (0.028) |
| Political orientation | −0.044** | (0.019) |
| Political trust | −0.028 | (0.033) |
| Political participation | −0.074 | (0.097) |
| Climate responsibility | −0.000 | (0.015) |
| Social network activity | −0.041 | (0.095) |
| Religiosity | 0.028 | (0.096) |
| Gender | 0.124 | (0.090) |
| Age | 0.008 | (0.008) |
| Constant | 1.312*** | (0.443) |
| Observations | 514 | |
| 0.163 | ||
| Kleibergen–Paap rk LM | 298.261 | [0.000] |
| Kleibergen–Paap rk Wald F | 2316.512 | |
| Hansen J statistic | 1.993 | [0.574] |
| Durbin–Wu–Hausman test | 0.677 | [0.381] |
Note(s): The standard errors in parentheses are heteroskedasticity consistent. We employ *, ** and *** to denote statistical significance at the 10, 5 and 1% levels, respectively. p values are presented in brackets. The TMi variable has been instrumented by its second, third and fourth moments, following the methodology of Lewbel (1997). The dependent variable is environmental tax morality on a five-point scale
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