Descriptive statistics of the categorical independent variables
| Variables | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Independent research dummy variables | ||
| AUDIT | ||
| – Audited firm/annual report | 438 | 43.8 |
| – Unaudited firm/annual report | 562 | 56.2 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |
| BIG 4 | ||
| – Audited by Big 4 firm | 154 | 35.2 |
| – Audited by non-Big 4 firm | 284 | 64.8 |
| Total | 438 | 100 |
| Independent control dummy variables | ||
| MANUFACTURING | ||
| – Manufacturing industry | 56 | 5.6 |
| – Other industry | 944 | 94.4 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |
| MONTH | ||
| – December as the last month of the fiscal year | 646 | 64.6 |
| – Other month as the last month of the fiscal year | 354 | 35.4 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |
| Variables | % | |
|---|---|---|
| AUDIT | ||
| – Audited firm/annual report | 438 | 43.8 |
| – Unaudited firm/annual report | 562 | 56.2 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |
| BIG 4 | ||
| – Audited by Big 4 firm | 154 | 35.2 |
| – Audited by non-Big 4 firm | 284 | 64.8 |
| Total | 438 | 100 |
| MANUFACTURING | ||
| – Manufacturing industry | 56 | 5.6 |
| – Other industry | 944 | 94.4 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |
| MONTH | ||
| – December as the last month of the fiscal year | 646 | 64.6 |
| – Other month as the last month of the fiscal year | 354 | 35.4 |
| Total | 1,000 | 100 |